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T4 Hemodynamic disor
PATHO exam 1 review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Edema occurs when there is an imbalance in ______ and _____ pressure | Hydrostatic, Oncotic |
| Edema is an _____ of fluid in the bodys tissues | accumulation |
| Pathogenesis of edema :_____ Hydrostatic pressure causes a _______ in oncotic pressure = edema | Increased, Decreased |
| Pathogenesis of edema: _______ hydrostatic pressure causes a ______ in permeability of the venule = Edema | Increased, Increase |
| Normally _#_ml/min blood leaves the atrial BV and _#_ ml/min enters the Lymphatic organ to get filterd while the other _#_ ml/min returns to the venule | 14,2,12 |
| In edema when increasing ______ pressure the fluid does not return to the venule and begins to build up in body tissue . which also causes and increased rate of _______ for both venule and atrial side causing more fluid to enter the tissues | Hydrostatic, permeability |
| In edema when there is a Decrease in _______ pressure this results in failure of the fluid to return to the venule and remain in the body tissue | Oncotic |
| ____ ______ occurs when a tumor or object(worm in Africa) is blocking the entrance of fluid into the lymphatic organ | Lymphatic obstruction |
| Hyperemia is an increase in ? | Temperature |
| 2 types of Hyperemia | Active and Passive |
| Type of Hyperemia that consists of dilatation of arterioles – Blushing, exercise, inflammation (more normal homeostasis process) | Active Hyperemia |
| Type of Hyperemia that consists of decrease of venous flow; often associated with hydrostatic edema. | Passive hyperemia (congestion) |
| Chronic Passive hyperemia of liver :The liver in patients with ____ ventricular failure results in a characteristic of ‘Nutmeg liver’ (multiple red depressed cells). | right |
| Chronic Passive hyperemia of lung: The lung in the patients with___ ventricular failure often leads to alveolar fibrosis (brown induration of the lung). The _____ in the lung are known as ‘Heart failure cells’. (may be caused by smoking) | left, macrophages |
| what parts of the circulatory system have the highest blood volume ? and what has the least blood volume | Veins and venules (64%) have the most , Arteries & arterioles (13%), Capillaries (7%) have the least |
| What type of Hemorrhage has a BRIGHT red color and has a pulsating flow (squirts RAPIDLY) | Atrial Hemorrhage |
| What type of Hemorrhage has a DARKER red color and has a steady SLOW flow ? | Venous Hemorrhage |
| What type of Hemorrhage has a reddish mixed with blue , violet color and has a slow, even flow ? | Capillary Hemorrhage |
| _____ Hemorrhage results from soft tissue injury (You can see it ) , | External |
| For External Hemorrhage The seriousness of the injury is dependent on : 2 Things | 1.Anatomical source of hemorrhage (aterial,venous,capillary) 2. The amount of blood loss tolerated by the patient |
| Humans have apron. how many liters of blood ? and whats the max u can lose ? | 6.5L, no more then 3 liters can be lost |
| External hemorrhage : Most soft tissue trauma is accompanied by ___ hemorrhage and is not life threatening , but can carry serious risks of patient morbidity and disfigurement | mild |
| _____ Hemorrhage that can be deadly because you CANT see it | Internal |
| Internal Hemorage : can result from | Blunt or penetrating trauma , Acute or Chronic medical illness |
| Internal bleeding that can cause hemodynamic instability usually occurs in one of four body cavities: | Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis, Peritoneum(stomach) |
| How is internal hemorrhage found ? | Though a diagnostic test |
| 6 Clinically important forms of Hemorrhage ? | Skin hemorrhage, Hemopytsis, Hematemesis, Hematuria, Metrorrhagia, Melena |
| ________ : skin bleeding | Skin hemorrhage |
| ________ : Respiratory Tract bleeding | Hemoptysis |
| ________: Vomiting blood | Hematemesis |
| ________: Blood in urine | Hematuria |
| ________: Utero-vaginal bleeding (abnormal menstrual bleeding) | Metrorrhagia |
| ________: Black (deoxygenated) blood in stool or feces NOT hemorrhoids | Melena |
| ______ is a Big clot formation inside the blood vessels (BAD when in blood vessels) | Thrombi (blood clot) |
| Lines of Zhan consists of ____ and ____ which are responsible for the shape of______ | Fibrin, Platelets, Thrombus |
| Virchow's triad shows what 3 factors that contribute to Thrombosis ? The factors may act independently or may combine to cause thrombus formation. | Endothelial Injury, Abnormal blood flow, Hypercoagulability |
| What drug stops bleeding in dental surgery ? | Thrombrin |
| What does Thrombi(blood clot) consist of ? | Fibrin mesh network, RBC, WBC, Platelets |
| _____ injury is the single most important factor in formation of thrombi | Endothelial |
| Injury to endothelial cells can cause ____ ____ flow and affect_____ | abnormal blood, coagulability |
| Abnormal blood flow (stasis or turbulence), in turn, can cause ____ injury. | endothelial |
| Drug/protein given for heart and stroke patients (thrombosis) | (TPA) Tissue Plasminogen Activator |
| (TPA) Tissue Plasminogen Activator is a ____/____ that is released from _____ cells of ____ _____ which cleaves the _____ and _____ the clot | drug/protein, endothelial, Blood vessels, dissolves |
| According to the AHA (american heart association) for CARDIAC patients TPA has to be given with in ____ hours of the event. (heart attack) | 6 hours |
| According to the AHA (american heart association) for STROKE patients TPA has to be given with in ____ hours of the event. (stroke) | 3 hours |
| Carotid & cerebral arteries, Aorta, Heart valve, varicose veins & coronary arteries are all common sites of ? | Thrombus formation |
| Can thrombi be in the arteries and in the veins ? | Yes, Atrial and venous thrombi |
| What are the possible Fates of thrombi ? | Lysis by TPA, organization (not often), Recanalization, Embolism |
| Free moving mass (clot) carried from one anatomic site to another via..blood | Emobli or Embolis , (chunk of thrombi that broke off and traveled somewhere else |
| The worst type of clot formation, called widow maker, can die in sleep, acts very quickly , consists of calcified clots. | Saddle Embolus |
| SADDLE EMBOLUS Location: Pathogenesis: | Location: Pulmonary Artery Pathogenesis: cuts down blood supply to the heart |
| Infraction is | Necrosis ( death of tissue) |
| 2 types of infracts | White & Red |
| Type of infract that has a (pale) off red appearance usually found in the heart ? | White infract |
| Typeof infract that has a hemmorrhagic appearance "dark red" usually found in intestine ? | Red Infract |
| The fate of infarcts depends on their____ site, the type of cells forming the tissue, circulatory status of the organism, extent of necrosis, | anatomic |
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