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Indigo Module
Nutrition Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| metabolic disorder | A condition characterized by the body’s inability to synthesize or process food into forms the body can use for energy, growth, and development |
| hiatus hernia | A condition in which the upper part of the stomach, which is joined to the esophagus or feeding tube, moves up into the chest through a hole in the diaphragm |
| Bard button | A feeding device placed permanently in the stomach to facilitate supplemental feedings |
| gastrostomy tube (G-tube) | A feeding tube inserted though an incision in the abdomen into the stomach |
| percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG tube) | A feeding tube inserted via endoscopy into the stomach or jejunum |
| jejunostomy tube (J-tube) | A feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the small bowel |
| nasogastric tube (N-G tube, Levine tube) | A feeding tube put through the nose into the stomach |
| fluid retention | An accumulation of fluid in body tissues or body cavities |
| dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| enteral feed | Feeding by tube directly into the gastrointestinal system |
| gastric suction | Gentle suction applied to a tube placed in the stomach to remove excessive secretions (saliva and gastric juices) that tend to accumulate in the stomach after surgery/trauma because the intestine is sluggish, this can prevent/relieve nausea and vomiting |
| metabolic rate | The amount of energy expended in a given period, or the physical changes that occur in the body that result in heat production. Also, determined by gender, environment, lifestyle and genetics |
| bowel sounds present (BSP) | The audible return of gastrointestinal movement or function, also called peristalsis; often charted as BS x 4, meaning it sounds audible in all four abdominal quadrants |
| metabolism | The physiological and biochemical processes that promote growth and sustain life |
| cardiac diet | with or have pre-existing heart disease - low in fat and cholesterol and may restrict sodium and calories |
| diabetic diet | inability to properly use glucose - individually prepared, number of calories, fats, carbohydrates and proteins |
| gluten-free diet | celiac disease - complete elimination of gluten |
| high-calorie diet | excessive weight loss from illness or can't maintain a healthy weight - butter, cream, fried foods |
| high-protein diet | need to gain weight, recovering from surgery - meat, fish,milk, eggs, legumes and nuts |
| no added salt/Na restricted diet | fluid retention or congestive heart failure - no processed cheeses, cured or smoked meats, sport drinks or chemically prepared products |
| progressive diet | after major surgery or illness of the gastrointestinal tract - introduce as pt. can tolerate from sips, clear fluid, full fluid, soft to regular diet |
| pureed diet | cannot chew or dysphagia - all foods ground to a soft, silky texture |
| Why would a TPN feed be ordered? | severely malnourished, coma, anorexia, before or after major surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, severe burns or multiple fractures |
| What does NPO mean? When would you post an NPO sign? | nothing by mouth, post before tests or surgery |
| activity | more activity = more calories. Inactive = fewer calories. |
| age | 2yrs to adolescence need more calories, older adults need less calories. |
| gender | men need more than women, hormones play a role |
| genetics | our predetermined body structure affects our basal metabolic rate and so does thyroid gland function |
| illness | need extra calories and sometimes extra protein to promote tissue repair and recovery |
| pregnancy | must adjust their calorie intake with diet high in protein and appropriate calories, esp. breast feeding |
| How many grain products should an adult eat in a day? | 6-8 |
| How many food groups are there? | 4 |
| What is the “other” food group? | oils and fats |
| BRAT | banana, rice, applesauce, toast |
| BSP | bowel sounds present |
| CDA | Canadian Diabetes Association |
| CF | clear fluids |
| CF-DAT | start with clear fluids and progress to diet as tolerated |
| DAT | diet as tolerated (regular diet) |
| dc, d/c | discontinue |
| DD | diabetic diet |
| EF | enteral feeds |
| FF | full fluids |
| FF-DAT | start with full fluids and progress to diet as tolerated |
| Fr. | French |
| GF | gluten-free diet |
| G-TUBE | gastrostomy tube |
| HF | high fibre |
| HP | high protein |
| LR | low residue |
| MN | minced |
| NAS | no added salt |
| N-G TUBE | nasogastric tube |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| PAR | Parenteral feeds |
| PE | puree |
| REG | regular diet |
| SS | surgical soft |
| T & A | tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy diet |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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