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Stack #181229
Nervous System for M.T.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blood-brain barrier | mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering the brain |
| cell body | division of a neuron that includes the nucleus, cell organelles, and surrounding cytoplasm, but does not include the axon or dendrites |
| motor neuron | neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord) to a muscle or gland; also called efferent neuron |
| nervous impulse | physiological change transmitted through certain tissues, especially nerve fibers and muscles, resulting in activity or inhibition |
| neurology | branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system |
| neurotransmitter | chemical substance that transmits or inhibits nerve impulses at a synapse |
| organelle | cytoplasm structure that provides specialized function for the cell |
| psychiatry | branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders |
| sensory neuron | neuron that transmits impulses from receptors in the skin, sense organs, and internal organs to the central nervous system(brain or spinal cord); also called afferent neuron |
| synapse | junction where a nerve impulse passes from an axon ternimal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| dendr/o | tree |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gangli/o | ganglion (knot or knotlike mass) |
| gli/o | glue; neuroglial tissue |
| lex/o | word, phrase |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| lept/o | thin, slender |
| mening/o meningi/o | meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord) |
| myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| narc/o | stupor; numbness; sleep |
| neur/o | nerve |
| sthen/o | strength |
| radicul/o | nerve root |
| thec/o | sheath (usually refers to meninges) |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| ton/o | tension |
| ventricul/o | ventricle ( of heart or brain) |
| -algesia -algia | pain |
| -asthenia | weakness, debility |
| -esthesia | feeling |
| -kinesia | movement |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -paresis | partial paralysis |
| -phasia | speech |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -plexy | stroke |
| -taxia | order, coordination |
| -trophy | development, nourishment |
| contra- | against |
| pachy- | thick |
| para- | near, beside; beyond |
| syn- | union, together, joined |
| uni- | one |
| agnosia | inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations even though the sensory sphere is intact |
| asthenia | weakness, debility, or loss of strength |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination in the execution or voluntary movement |
| aura | premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder; peculiar sensation that precedes seizures |
| autism | mental disorder charcterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level |
| cerebral palsy | self-limiting paralysis due to developmental defects in the brain or trauma during the birth process |
| clonic spasm | alternate contraction and relaxation of muscle |
| closed head trauma | injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed |
| coma | abnormally deep consciousness with absence of voluntary response of stimuli |
| concussion | transient loss of consciousness as a result of trauma to the head |
| dementia | broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment |
| dyslexia | inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure |
| Guillain-Barre syndrome | condition of acute polyneuritis with progressive muscle weakness in extremities |
| herpes zoster | painful, acute infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles |
| Huntington chorea | inherited disease of the CNS that usually has its onset in people between ages 30 and 50 |
| hydrocephalus | accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing thinning of brain tissue and separation of cranial bones |
| lethargy | abnormal activity or lack of response to normal stimuli; also called sluggishness |
| neurosis | unconscious conflict that produces anxiety and other symptoms and leads to maladaptive use of defense mechanisms |
| psychosis | major emotional disorder where contract with reality is los to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting challenges of daily life |
| spina bifida | defect in which the neural tube (tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord in the fetus) fails to close during embryogenesis |
| meningocele | form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly bt the meninges protrude through the spine |
| myelomeningocele | most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine |
| occulta | form of spina bifida where one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin |
| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs usually as a result of injury or disease of the spine |
| paresthesia | sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk |
| Reye syndrome | acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver and, prossibly, the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes; usually seen in children younger that age 15 who had an acute viral infection |
| sciatica | severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatice nerve felt at the base of the spine ,down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain; also called fainting |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | temporary interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours |
Created by:
rimrocke
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