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Rome: Chapters 10-11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Romulus and Remus | Founders of Rome who were raised by wolves. Romulus later killed Remus and named the city after himself. |
| Etruscans | Settlers who were already living in Italy just north of Rome when the romans arrived. |
| Dictators | Rulers with almost absolute power. |
| Plebeians | The poor, working class of Rome. |
| Patricians | The wealthy class of Rome. |
| Veto | to prohibit |
| Checks and Balances | a system in which power is balanced between different branches of a government. |
| Forum | Rome's public meeting place |
| Senate | A council that advised Rome's leaders (consuls and magistrates). The senate also had control over financial affairs. Comparable to the judicial branch of our government. |
| Magistrates | Comparable to the executive branch of the US government. This group is made up of elected officials. These people managed the city of Rome. The two most powerful magistrates were called consuls. |
| Consuls | The two most powerful magistrates in Rome. Led the government, army, and judged court cases. |
| Assemblies and Tribunes | Comparable to the judicial branch of our government. Citizens made up assemblies and could take part in them for their whole lives. Tribunes served for one year. They elected magistrates, approved/ rejected laws, and declared war. |
| Republic | A republic is a political system in which people elect leaders to govern them. Some rights are reserved in a republic. |
| Punic Wars | A series of wars fought in Carthage in northern Africa in which Rome captured lands such as Sicily, northern Africa, Spain, and Corsica. |
| Carthage | A country in northern Africa and Spain. |
| Hannibal | A general for Carthage that fought against Rome in the Punic Wars. He never captured Rome, but lost Carthage while he was fighting Rome. The Romans attacked Carthage and burned it down. |
| Gaul | Modern day France. |
| Julius Caesar | A general in Rome. He conquered most of Gaul and was well respected. Dictator of Rome after killing his alley Pompey. Assassinated by a group of senators on Ides of March mad at him for reducing their power. |
| Pompey | Influential man in Rome allied with Caesar. Later killed after fleeing from Caesar's army after Caesar was ordered to give up his army by Pompey's allies in the senate. |
| Marc Antony | One the great leaders who emerged after Caesar's death to rule the empire. Caesar's old assistant, helped kill Caesar's killers. Later married Augustus's sister and then divorced her to go marry Cleopatra, starting a war. He was later killed by Augustus. |
| Augustus (Also Known as Octavian) | Leader of Rome after Caesar's death. Helped kill Caesar's assailants.Declared war on Marc Antony after he divorced his sister. Became Emperor. Helped further extend his power. |
| Cicero | Philosopher and gifted public speaker. Wanted to make peace in Rome by limiting power of generals and restoring checks and balances. |
| Legions | Group of 6,000 soldiers |
| Centuries | Group of 100 soldiers that were part of a legion. |
| Aqueducts | Raised channel used to bring water from mountains into cities. |
| Tunnels | An underground passage way used to assist in the construction of aqueducts. |
| Arches | An object with a rounded shape used in Rome in order to support more weight and create large buildings. |
| Colosseum | A building constructed for the purpose of gladiator fights. Floors could be flooded for mock naval battles. |
| Concrete | A roman invented building material made of volcanic ash, rock, and lime. Strong and cheap to make. |
| Roman Roads | Built in layers, where each layer was made out of a different material. Strong and built to last. |
| Provinces | An area in Rome governed by a leader. Each province in Rome had an army and its leaders were loyal to the emperor of Rome. |
| Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity in Rome. Lasted during the first 200 years of the Roman empire's existence. Allowed population growth, free trade, and improvement of life for Roman people. |
| Polytheism | Believe of many gods. |
| Census | An official count of all the people living in Rome.Registering was the only way to gain citizenship. Women, slaves, and those who had previously been a slave could not register. |
| Villas | A country estate for the wealthy of Rome. |
| Gladiators | People who fought to death. Most were slaves. |
| Paterfamilias | The "father of the family." He was the head of the family and had absolute power over the household. He owned everything in it. |
| Christianity | A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus the Nazareth. |
| Jesus of Narzareth | Teachings created Christianity, and his birth changed the calendar from B.C. to A.D. |
| Crucifixion | Type of execution that involved a person being nailed to a cross. |
| Persecuted | Being mistreated or discriminated against due to religion. |
| Paul of Tarsus | Helped spread Christianity by traveling around Rome and teaching Jesus's teachings to anyone that listened. |
| Corruption | Decay of people's values. |
| Emperor Constatine | Emperor of Rome during the 300s. Allowed Christianity and became a christian himself, helping spread Christianity. Re- united the empire after Diocletian split it in half. Moved capital of Rome from Rome to Constantinople. |
| Diocletian | Emperor of Rome during it's fall in the late 200s. Split the empire into an eastern and western half to make it easier to govern and defend. |
| Goths | Tribe made up of Visigoths and Ostrogoths. Fled into Rome after being defeated by the Huns. Rome fought to keep them out. Later attacked Rome after they no longer received payments from the empire and won. |
| Huns | Fierce group of fighters from central Asia. Raided Roman territory in the east. Caused military power in Rome 450 A.D |
| Attila | Leader of Huns while they attacked Rome. |
| 476 | Year when Rome fell. A foreign general overthrew the last emperor in Rome and named himself king of Italy, marking the end of the empire. |
| Byzantine Empire | Society formed in Eastern Rome after the fall of the empire. Spoke Greek instead of Latin, and christianity was a very important aspect. |
| Eastern and Western Empire | The Eastern Empire became the Byzantine empire and the Western Empire was taken over by foreign invaders. |
| Rome's Worst Emperors Were... | Nero and Caligula |
| The government provided _____ to the poor. | Handouts |
| Couples with three or more children received what? | Land |
| Romans studied Greek subjects including... | Math, philosophy, and astronomy |
| Exotic Dishes for Wealthy Romans Included... | Boar, Flamingos, and Ostrich |
| Rome Faced What Devastating Problem? | Fires |
| Germanic Warriors Also Contributed to Rome's Fall, but Where did they Attack? | Northern Rome |
| Persia also attacked... | Eastern Rome |
| Citizens Near the Border during the Fall of Rome did what? | Abandoned their land. |
| Romans needed food, so what did they do during the fall of Rome? | Invited Foreign Farmers, which eventually caused whole communities to move into Rome. |
| The Government did What to pay for Defense? | Raise Taxes |
| Another Problems were Faced in Rome, like... | Disease |
| When Rome Started Attacking Germanic Tribes, What Would the Tribes Do? | Some would struggle while others made alliances with Rome. |
| What did Rome do to Make the Tribes stay Honest to their Alliance and why did they do this? | Rome would take away the tribe's sons so that when the children return, they can show the tribe more of what happens in the Roman Empire. |
| What territories did Augustus take over? | Judea, the Alps, Spain, and Anatolia. |
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