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WC-Final Exam Terms
World Cultures - Final Exam Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid Rain | Form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to the Earth as rain, snow, or hail |
| Allah | Name given the the Islam God |
| Anarchist | A person who wants to abolish all government |
| Annexation | When one nation's land is added to another |
| Atheist | A person who believes there is no god |
| Bar Mitzvah | Celebration that's held when a 13 year old Jewish boy accepts the rules of Judaism |
| Bethlehem | Name of the city where Jesus was born |
| Brahman | The highest and supreme God of Hinduism who resides in all things |
| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka KS | Court case declaring that segregated schools were unconstitutional |
| Caste system | A strict social and religious order of Hindu society - made up of priests, warriors, skilled workers, servants, and untouchables |
| Charles de Gaulle | Leader who restored France’s power after WWII |
| Commissar | Communist official who taught Communist party principles and practices to ensure party loyalty |
| Communist | A person who follows the teachings of Karl Marx |
| Conservative Party | Current name for the Tory party |
| Father Gapon | Orthodox priest who led a march to the Winter Palace; incident became known as Bloody Sunday of 1905 |
| GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; an agreement signed in 1947 that tried to establish fair trade policies for all nations |
| Genetic Engineering | Altering the chemical code of living things |
| Glasnost | Policy of openness instituted by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s |
| Great Hunger | Famine that occurred in Ireland in 1845, which was caused by a potato disease (blight) that destroyed the potato crop |
| Green Revolution | Created by scientists who used new technology to develop new genetically altered foods, such as new kinds of rice and other grains, that could increase the harvest of crops and increase food production for the world's growing population |
| Helmut Kohl | The Soviet Architect of German Unity |
| Henotheism | Belief of Hinduism in which there is one main god with many other gods representing qualities of that main god |
| Hinduism | Main religion of India |
| House of Commons | Group that had the most political power in England in 1911 |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund; an organization that makes loans to developing nations |
| Interdependence | Mutual dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world |
| Josip Tito | Guerilla leader and former President of Yugoslavia during the Cold War |
| Lech Walesa | Head of the Solidarity Movement in Poland and president from 1990 - 1995 |
| Liberation Theology | A movement in the Catholic Church to take a more active role in opposing the social conditions that contributed to poverty in Latin America |
| Liberal Party | Current name for the Whig party |
| Margaret Thatcher | British Prime Minister who strongly supported U.S. foreign policy |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Former Soviet Union leader whose reforms led to the end of the Soviet Union |
| Mikhail Sholokhov | Soviet/Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature |
| Multinational Corporation | A business with branches in many countries |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement that was set up to create a free trade zone between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Former leader of the Soviet Union who called for a peaceful coexistence with the West |
| Non-aligned | Not allied with either side in a conflict |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries mainly in the Middle East that was forced to halt its oil exports and raise oil prices after the political crisis in 1973 |
| Perestroika | Restructuring of the Soviet government and economy in the 1980s under Gorbachev |
| Peter Stolypin | Prime Minister who went after those who were critical of Nicholas II |
| Pogroms | Violent mob attacks on Jewish communities |
| Pope | Leader of the Catholic church |
| Pravda | Means “truth” and was a newspaper produced by Stalin’s government (propaganda) |
| Privatization | The selling of state-owned industries to private investors |
| Quran | Holy book for Islam |
| Rabbi | Leader of the Jewish Congregation |
| Refugee | A person who flees their homeland for safety of another place |
| Russification | Policy in which the Russians forced non-Russians to learn the Russian language and become a member of the Russian Orthodox Church |
| Serfs | Russian peasants who are required to work for a "lord," are commonly attached to the lord's land, and are transferred with the land from 1 owner to another; they're treated like property |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Better known as "The Buddha" and founder of Buddhism |
| Slobodan Milosevic | Extreme Serb Nationalist and Serbian President who began ethnic cleansing in Kosovo |
| Sputnik | First artificial satellite launched into orbit by the Soviet Union |
| Terrorism | Deliberate use of random violence to achieve political goals |
| Tony Blair | Prime minister who supported the U.S.– led war on terrorism |
| Torah | Holy book for Judaism |
| Totalitarian state | One-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of its citizens’ lives |
| Urbanization | Movement from rural villages to the cities |
| Victoria | Longest Reigning Queen of England; dressed in black from about 1861 until her death to mourn the death of her husband |
| Vladimir Putin | Became elected as the leader of the Soviet Union in 2000 in the first free election that was held in the Soviet Union; he is still their current leader |
| Zemstovos | Elected assemblies of local government set up in Russia |
Created by:
tmgilbert
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