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WVSOM
Chromosomal Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When two strands of DNA are twisted around each other this occurs | Supercoiling |
| DNA plus protein | Chromatin |
| Highly condensed, darkly staining chromatin. Tend to be transcriptionally inactive | Heterochromatin |
| Less dense, lightly staining, transcriptionally active chromatin | Euchromatin |
| Proteins that form octameric complexes, which eukaryotic DNA wraps around | Histones |
| How many major types of histones are there | Six |
| What histones binds the linker regions between teh octamers | H1 |
| What charge do histones carry | Positive |
| Does histone binding occur through the cell cycle | Yes |
| Histone octamers and associated DNA, not including the linker regions | Nucleosomes |
| There are ... types of histones in an octorm, ... copies of each type | Four, Two |
| What is the DNA that wraps around an octomer called | Core DNA |
| What are the stretches of DNA between octormers called | Linker DNA |
| Nucleosomes coil around each other to form hallow tubes known as | Solenoids |
| Chromosomal condensation during prophase also involves solenoids tangling in complex patterns to form the mitotic (or meiotic) chromosomes | Solenoid Tangling |
| The second most abundant class of chromatin protein | Scaffold proteins |
| The most abundant class of chromatin protein | Histones |
| These proteins probably tie the solenoids together to form the condensed, mitotic chromosomes, They also maintian supercoiling. | Scaffold protiens |
| One identified scaffold protein is | Topoisomerase II |
| The dark staining regions, which are beleived to consit of more tighly packed DNA seen on chromosomes | Bands |
| The region of a chromosome that is bound to the mitotic spindle | Centromere |
| Chromosomes are categorized based on the position of their | Centromeres |
| Central centromeres | Metacentric |
| Off center centromeres | Submetacentric |
| Centromeres towards the end | Acrocentric |
| Centromeres at the ends (do ont occur in humans) | Telocentric |
| Chromosomes are divided by the centromere into two regions know as | Arms |
| The shorter arm of a chromosome is call the ... while the longer arm is call the | P arm, Q arm |
| The ends of chromosomes | Telomeres |
| These protect the chromosome ends from damage | Telomeres |
| The number, size and banding patterns of all mitotic chromosomes | Karyotypes |
| All DNA controlling the genetics of a cellular unit | Genome |
Created by:
mhaynes
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