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Chapter 12
Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the practice where non-Church clergy could appoint people to Church positions | lay investiture |
| a decree by the pope that said priests weren't allowed to give the sacraments to certain people | interdict |
| a Christian rite, such as baptism or marriage | sacrament |
| any belief or practice that went against official Church teachings | heresy |
| bones or other objects of saints that were worshiped by some Christians | relics |
| "Holy Wars" that involved European Christians traveling to the Middle East with the purpose of kicking Muslims out of the Holy Land | Crusades |
| a term used for Muslims during the Crusades, since they did not believe in Christianity | infidel |
| the study of religion and God | theology |
| a system that tried to bring together faith and reason | scholasticism |
| the language of the people | vernacular |
| the vernacular literature of the heroic epic that was popular in medieval Europe | chanson de geste |
| hostility toward or discrimination of Jews | anti-Semitism |
| government where power was centralized under a king or queen in the 15th century | new monarchy |
| an annual direct tax on land or property that provided a regular income for the French monarchy | taille |
| this word refers to the office of the pope | papacy |
| in medieval Europe, the pope was often involved in these affairs | political |
| this pope tried to end the practice of lay investiture in order to help the Church be free of its political ties | Gregory VII |
| this pope used the interdict to try to control groups of people | Innocent III |
| this was a group of monks who emerged in 1098 and who lived strict, simple lives | Cistercians |
| in the Middle Ages, monasteries were the only place were these people could be educated | women |
| this religious order was founded by Francis of Assisi and focused on missionary efforts | Franciscans |
| this religious order was founded by Dominic de Guzman and worked to defend the Church from heresies | Dominicans |
| the Holy Office set up to deal with heretics | Inquisition |
| this was the main way that people were involved with religion in their daily life in medieval Europe | through the sacraments |
| many medieval Christians honored and prayed to these people | saints |
| Christians would often take these, especially to the holy site of Jerusalem | pilgrimages |
| the First Crusade began in this year | 1096 |
| Crusaders were able to capture Jerusalem and Antioch in this Crusade | the First Crusade |
| This Crusade is remembered for being a huge failure | the Second Crusade |
| This Crusade, which lasted from 1189-1192, tried to retake lands that had been lost to Saladin's army | the Third Crusade |
| This Crusade was more a fight over Byzantine Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism | the Fourth Crusade |
| results of these were the breakdown of feudalism and new wealth from the taxation of trade | the Crusades |
| these two architectural styles appeared in the Middle Ages | Romanesque and Gothic |
| these institutions of education first appeared in the Middle Ages | universities |
| he was the most famous Scholastic scholar | Thomas Aquinas |
| this was a popular form of vernacular poetry | troubadour |
| the Black Death was caused by this | the Bubonic Plague |
| this country was the first in Europe to be exposed to the Black Death in 1347 | Italy |
| the Black Death is estimated to have killed this percentage of Europeans | one-third |
| the Black Death led to the persecution of these people | Jews |
| one of the main impacts of the Black Death were a decline in this | economy |
| The Great Schism between 1378 and 1417 was related to this issue | who should be pope |
| between 1305 and 1377, popes were under French influence and lived here | Avignon |
| this war was between France and England over territory | Hundred Years' War |
| she fought for France in the Hundred Years' War and is remembered as a martyr | Joan of Arc |
| this country would eventually win the Hundred Years' War | France |
| after the Hundred Years' War, this broke out in England | the War of the Roses |
| Russia broke free of this group in 1480 | the Mongols |
| In this country, Ferdinand and Isabel successfully removed Muslims in 1492 | Spain |
| The Houses of York and Lancaster fought a civil war in England called this | The Wars of the Roses |
Created by:
Mrs. Marquardt
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