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Carnegie Chem enzyme
review for chemistry quiz on enzymes MA fall 2014
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what function do enzymes play in the body? | Catalyst they speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the body needed in very small amount, not changed |
| enzymes are which type of substance? | Proteins |
| what things can be need your enzymes? | Heat, strong acid or base, vigorous shaking, ultraviolet radiation (think hair, it's made of proteins.) |
| What is a substrate? | Material acted upon by the enzyme |
| how are enzymes named? | the first part is the name of the substrate second tells what kind of reaction and ends in "ase" |
| where are enzymes normally found? | Found in intact cells, normally very low levels in the serum |
| why would you find enzymes in the serum? | Cells have ruptured to release enzymes into bloodstream |
| what does Amylase do? | digestive enzyme breaks down starch begins in your mouth |
| What tissue is Amylase found in? | Pancreas and Salivary gland |
| Amylase is increased in what diseases? | Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis. (rises 4-12 hours after the onset of pain, peaks at 24 hours. Normal = 25-125 U/L. 20-40 times the normal range) |
| What does Lipase do? | |
| What tissue is Lipase found in? | |
| Lipase is increased in what diseases? | Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis |
| Which enzymes are Hydrolases? | Amylase, Lipase, Alkaline Phosphatase, & Acid Phosphatase |
| Which enzymes are Transferases? | SGOT/AST, SGPT/ALT, GGTP, & CPK |
| Which enzyme is Oxido-Reductase? | LDH |
| (ALKP or ALP) Alkaline Phosphatase is active in what pH? | High pH - Optimum pH 10 |
| Alkaline Phosphatase is increased in what disease? | bone, liver - cirrhosis, hepatitis - ANY liver disease, healing fracture, pregnant women 3rd tri |
| Acid phosphatase is active in what pH? | Low pH, Optimum pH =5 |
| Acid Phosphatase is increased in what kind of cancer? | Prostatic cancer with metastasis to other parts of body |
| Acid Phosphatase is found in which tissue? | RBC, platelets, prostatic fluid |
| SGOT/AST is increased in which disease? | Liver, Heart, and Muscle disease |
| SGPT/ALT is increased in only what disease? | Liver disease (cirrhosis, carcinoma) |
| GGTP (GT or GGT) is increased in which diseases? | Liver and pancrease disease |
| CPK (CK) is found in which tissues? | heart, muscle, brain, and lung |
| When is CPK fastest rising? | During an MI (Myocardial Infarction). Usually 4-8 hours after onset of pain. |
| LDH is found in which tissue? | present in almost all tissues |
| LDH remains elevated longest during what event? | Myocardial Infarction |
| How are LDH isoenzymes separated? | electrophoresis - 5 fractions (types) |
| Why are LDH hemolyzed specimens not acceptable? | high concentration in RBC (200x the plasma level) |
| Which 2 enzymes are ordered together to evaluate pancreatic function? | amylase and lipase |
| Which tests are in a cardiac profile? | CPK or CK, Troponin I, Troponin T |
| Which tests are in a liver profile? | ALK or ALP, AST, ALT, GGTP (GT, GGT), LDH |
| Which is the most sensitive of the liver enzymes? | GGTP (Gin and Tonic enzyme, hehehe) |
| What are the 3 isoenzymes of CPK? | CK1 (BB), CK2 (MB), and CK3 (MM) |
| Which tissue is CK1 (BB) from? | Brain and Lung |
| Which tissue is CK2 (MB) from? | Heart |
| Which tissue is CK3 (MM) from? | Muscle |
| How does LDH behave during an MI? | Remains elevated the longest. slowest rising. returns to normal in 10-14 days. |
| What is the significance of Triponin I? | comes from heart; 4 hours after patient comes to ER it increases and equals an MI and cardiac cell destruction |
| What do CPK or CK, Triponin I and Triponin T have in common? | they are all abnormal proteins |
| Where does Triponin T come from? | Heart and Skeletal |
| What type of enzyme is ALT? | it's a Transaminase found only in the liver |
Created by:
ma2b
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