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Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the idea that a ruler has total power over a territory and the people he/she governs | absolutism |
| "In such condition. . . the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." Who wrote this quote? | Thomas Hobbes |
| What was Thomas Hobbes' most famous work? | Leviathan |
| the power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic | reason |
| What did Thomas Hobbes call a world without laws? | state of nature |
| focus on the power of human thought; stress rational, logical thinking in order to solve human problems | humanism |
| this English philosopher believed in natural rights and wrote Two Treatises on Government | John Locke |
| What name was given to the ascension of William of Orange to the throne of England? | The Glorious Revolution |
| This document, signed in 1689, guaranteed certain liberties to citizens and Parliament. | English Bill of Rights |
| thinkers who applied the methods of reasoning to human issues in order to solve human problems | philosophes |
| This philosopher believed in separation of the powers of government | Montesquieu |
| This philosopher's main focus was on the right to free speech | Voltaire |
| This philosopher wrote The Social Contract and believed in the "general will of the people" | Rousseau |
| This philosopher edited the Encyclopedia | Diderot |
| This thinker believed that the "invisible hand" of supply and demand should be allowed to govern the economy | Adam Smith |
| the idea that the government should not intervene in the economy | laissez-faire |
| This event led the British government to tighten control on its American colonies | French and Indian War |
| This act of protest in which colonists dumped crates of tea into the harbor was a major event leading to the American Revolution | Boston Tea Party |
| This tax on printed materials angered colonists and increased tensions between the colonies and Britain | Stamp Act |
| These were the first battles in the American Revolution | Lexington and Concord |
| This document was signed on July 4th, 1776 | Declaration of Independence |
| This battle ended the American Revolution | Yorktown |
| The official peace treaty between the United States and Britain after the American Revolution | Treaty of Paris |
| Author of the Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson |
| The Declaration of Independence was heavily influenced by which Enlightenment thinker? | John Locke |
| This document was the first plan of government for the US but proved too weak to keep the country together. | Articles of Confederation |
| This event, in which a group of Massachusetts farmers launched a revolt, illustrated the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. | Shays' Rebellion |
| The general framework/plan for the United States Government is laid out in which document? | Constitution |
| The basic freedoms enjoyed by all US citizens are contained in which document? | Bill of Rights |
| After it was written, the Constitution had to go through a formal approval process in the states. This process is known as __________. | Ratification |
| The three branches of the US government | Judicial, Executive, and Legislative |
| This branch of government makes laws | legislative |
| This branch of government carries out laws | executive |
| This branch of government interprets laws | judicial |
| The separation of powers found in the Constitution came from which Enlightenment thinker? | Montesquieu |
| The author of the Bill of Rights | James Madison |
| The French system in which society was divided into three classes or estates | ancien regime |
| The French nobility made up this estate | second estate |
| The French clergy made up this estate | first estate |
| Everyone who was not a member of the clergy or nobility belonged to this estate | third estate |
| The 2nd estate made up ____% of the population of France? | 1.5% |
| middle class consisting of merchants, bankers, lawyers, doctors, managers, etc. | bourgeoisie |
| the vast majority of the Third Estate; mostly poor, many extremely poor | peasants |
| he was the French king when the 1789 revolution began | Louis XVI |
| law-making group made up of representatives of the three estates | Estates General |
| legislative body formed by members of the third estate after the first and second estates refused to reform the voting process in the estates general | national assembly |
| the third estate made this pledge to continue meeting until a new constitution was drawn up | Tennis Court Oath |
| the storming of this prison marked the beginning of the French Revolution | bastille |
| France's independence day, celebrated on July 14th | Bastille Day |
| this was the term given to the series of peasant attacks on nobles at the beginning of the French Revolution | the Great Fear |
| this document, passed by the National Assembly, spelled out the basic rights of French citizens | The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen |
| newspaper editor who helped spread radical and violent ideas during the French Revolution | Jean Paul Marat |
| he was the leader of the radical phase of the French Revolution | Robespierre |
| she was the wife of Louis XVI | Marie Antoinette |
| nickname given to the large number of executions that occurred during the radical phase of the French Revolution | the Reign of Terror |
| type of government in which representatives are elected by the people of a country | republic |
| type of government in which a king has power, but that power is limited by a written constitution | constitutional monarchy |
| nickname given to a group of radical revolutionaries because they wore pants instead of knee-length breeches | sans-culottes |
| this group was responsible for most of the executions during the Reign of Terror | Committee of Public Safety |
| name for the French revolutionary flag | tri-color |
| The French king and queen were forced to leave Versailles and go to Paris after this event | Women's March |
| this governing body took power after the Reign of Terror | the Directory |
| this man used his military successes to gain popularity with the French people and take power in France | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| a quick seizure of power by force | coup |
| the system of laws which Napoleon put into place in France and areas he conquered | Napoleonic Code |
| The series of battles that Napoleon caused across Europe | Napoleonic Wars |
| France lost this major naval battle with Britain during the Napoleonic Wars | Battle of Trafalgar |
| Napoleon defeated Russia and Austria at this 1805 battle | Battle of Austerlitz |
| a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces. | guerilla |
| the name given to the ban on British goods that Napoleon tried to enforce during his rule | Continental System |
| Napoleon's greatest mistake, and the one that eventually led to his downfall | Invasion of Russia |
| Napoleon's final defeat | Waterloo |
| leader of the British forces at the Battle of Waterloo | Duke of Wellington |
Created by:
rowej78
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