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Chapter 10

Chapter 10 flashcards

QuestionAnswer
Manorialism System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land.
Serfs Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages.
Moldboard Heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils; technological innovation of the medieval agricultural system.
three-field system system of agricultural cultivation by the 9th century in western Europe; included one-third in spring grains, one-third fallow.
Clovis Early Frankish King; converted Franks to Christianity c. 496; allowed establishment of Frankish kingdom.
Caolingians Royal house of Franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century.
Charles Martel One of the founders of the Carolingian line, responsible for defeating the muslims in the battle of Tours in 732.
Middle Ages The post classical period in western Europe began with the fall of the Roman Empire and lasted until the 15th century
Vikings Seagoing men from Scandinavia who periodically disrupted life from Ireland to Sicily.
Charlemagne Charles the Great; Carolingian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany
Holy Roman Emperor Emperors in northern Italy and Germany following split of Charlemagne's empire; failed to develop centralized monarchy in Germany.
Vassals Members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a feudal lord in return for military service and loyalty
Magna Carta Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215 confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy.
William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system to England, established administrative system based on sheriffs; established centralized monarchy
Parliaments Bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized feudal principle that rulers should consult with their vassals; found in England, Spain, Germany, and France.
three estates The Three social groups considered most powerful in Western countries; church, nobles, and urban leaders
Hundred Years War Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England Possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national stats
Urban II Called First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims
Gregory VII Pope during the 11th century who attempted to free church from interference of Feudal Lords; quarreled with Holy Roman emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture
Peter Abelard In the 12th century he wrote a treatise called yes and No in which he showed several logical contradictions in established interpretations of doctrine.
Bernard of Clairvaux Emphasized role of faith in preference to logic; stressed importance of mystical union with God; successfully challenged Abelard and had him Driven from the universities.
Thomas Aquinas Italian-born monk who taught at the University of Paris.
SCholasticism Dominant medieval philosophical approach; so=called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems
Gothic An architectural style developed during the Middle Ages in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external supports on main walls.
Hanseatic League An organization of cities on northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance
guilds Sworn associations of people in the same business or craft in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeship, guaranteed good workmanship; often established franchise within cities
Black Death Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure
Created by: IzikioStacker
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