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7Core_7-11
Key Content/Core Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Islam | the religious faith of Muslims; also the civilization based on the Islamic religion and the group of countries where Islam is the main religion |
| monotheism | the belief in a single God; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all monotheistic |
| Muhammad | a man born around 570 C.E. who taught the faith of Islam; considered to be Islam's most important prophet |
| Muslim | a follower of the Islamic faith |
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| prophet | a person who speaks or interprets the words of God |
| The Five Pillars of Islam | he most basic acts of worship for Muslims: declaration of faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and making a pilgrimage to Makkah |
| jihad | Muslims’ struggle with challenges within themselves and the world as they strive to please God |
| mosque | a Muslim house of worship |
| Qur'an | the holy book of the religion of Islam; Muslims believe it contains the revelations made to Muhammad by Allah (God) |
| Ramadan | the ninth month of the Islamic calendar during which Muslims are required to fast |
| shari’ah | the body of Islamic law based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah |
| Sunnah | holy book which tells the example that Muhammad set for Muslims about how to live |
| evolution | the slow process of change in plants and animals from simpler forms to more complex forms |
| caligraphy | the art of beautiful writing as practiced in Islamic art and literature |
| anti-semitism | hostility or discrimination against Jews |
| Crusades | a series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy sites from Muslims |
| Holy Land | the area between Egypt and Syria that was the ancient homeland of Jews and the place where Jesus Christ had lived; also called Palestine |
| Inquisition | a judicial body established by the Roman Catholic Church to combat forms of religious error; Muslims and Jews were often tortured as a result of the Inquisition in Spain |
| segregation | the forced separation of one group from the rest of a community |
| shahs | a ruler in certain Middle East lands, especially Persia (modern-day Iran) |
| caliph | the civil and religious ruler of a Muslim state |
| Salah al-din (Saladin) | military (sulton) leader who united Muslims to fight Christian crusaders in Palestine in 12th century |
| Ibn Sina (Avicenna) | Persian physician, scholar, and philosopher His works on Greek philosophy and medicine were translated into Latin |
| hajj | part of the Fifth Pillar of Islam; pilgrimage to Muslim sacred place in Makkah; many rituals including circling the Ka’ba seven times |
| A Thousand and One Nights | a collection of Arabian, Persian, and Indian folk tales Includes stories about Aladdin and Ali Baba |
| Arabian peninsula | peninsula in southwest Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; the birthplace of Islam; includes Muslim holy city of Makkah |
| Pope Urban II | Pope who called for the first crusade to reclaim jJeruslaem |
| King Richard I (England) | leader of 3rd Crusade; nicked name the "Lionhearted" fought against Salah al-Din; captured and held for ransom |
| Genghis Khan | leader and founder of the Mongol Empire; |
Created by:
Franceschini
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