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Freshmen Final
Vocabulary - The Bible
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| apostolic origin | Being based on the preaching and teaching of the Apostles and their closest companions. One of four criteria the bishops used to determine the canon. |
| Bible | A word that means “books,” a collection of sacred books containing the truth of God’s Revelation. |
| biblical exegesis | The critical interpretation and explanation of a biblical text. |
| biblical inerrancy | The doctrine that the books of the Scriptures are free from error regarding the truth God wishes to reveal through the Scriptures for the sake of our salvation. |
| canon | The collection of books the Church recognizes as the inspired Word of God. |
| contextualist approach | The interpretation of the Bible that takes into account the various contexts for understanding. These contexts include the senses of Scripture, literary forms, historical situations, cultural backgrounds, the unity of the whole of the Scriptures, Traditio |
| covenant | A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made. |
| deuterocanonical | A term used by Catholics to refer to the additional seven Old Testament books in the Catholic canon. |
| Divine Inspiration | The divine assistance the Holy Spirit gave the authors of the books of the Bible so the authors could write in human words the salvation message God wanted to communicate. |
| dogma | Teachings recognized as central to Church teaching, defined by the Magisterium and accorded the fullest weight and authority. |
| Eucharist, the | The celebration of the entire Mass. The term sometimes refers specifically to the consecrated bread and wine that have become the Body and Blood of Christ. |
| fundamentalist approach | Interpretation of the Bible and Christian doctrine based on the literal meaning of the Bible’s words. The interpretation is made without regard to the historical setting in which the writings or teachings were first developed. |
| Gnostic | Referring to the belief that salvation comes from secret knowledge available to only a select few. |
| Nag Hammadi manuscripts | Fourth-century writings discovered in 1945 near the village of Nag Hammadi in Upper Egypt, that are invaluable sources of information regarding Gnostic beliefs, practices, and lifestyle. Gnosticism was an early Church heresy claiming that Christ’s humanit |
| New Testament | The twenty-seven books of the Bible written in apostolic times, which have the life, teachings, Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus Christ and the beginnings of the Church as their central theme. |
| Old Testament | The forty-six books that make up the first part of the Bible and record salvation history before the coming of the Savior, Jesus Christ. |
| oral tradition | The handing on of the message of God’s saving plan through words and deeds. |
| Pentateuch | A Greek word meaning “five books,” referring to the first five books of the Old Testament. |
| redact | To select and adapt written material to serve an author’s purpose. |
| redemption | From the Latin redemptio, meaning “a buying back,” referring, in the Old Testament, to Yahweh’s deliverance of Israel and, in the New Testament, to Christ’s deliverance of all Christians from the forces of sin. |
| salvation history | The pattern of specific events in human history in which God clearly reveals his presence and saving actions. Salvation was accomplished once and for all through Jesus Christ, a truth foreshadowed and revealed throughout the Old Testament. |
| testament | A solemn vow and contract to which God is a witness. It is a synonym of covenant. |
| Torah | A Hebrew word meaning “law,” referring to the first five books of the Old Testament. |
| universal acceptance | Acknowledgment among Christians that a book was useful for worship. This criterion helped the early bishops to conclude whether a book was divinely inspired. One of four criteria the bishops used to determine the canon. |
| Vulgate | Saint Jerome’s Latin translation of the Bible completed in the early fifth century AD. |
| written tradition | Under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, the synthesis in written form of the message of salvation that has been passed down in the oral tradition. |
| Divine Inspiration | The divine assistance the Holy Spirit gave the authors of the books of the Bible so the authors could write in human words the salvation message God wanted to communicate. |
| Divine Revelation | God’s self-communication through which he makes known the mystery of his divine plan. Divine Revelation is a gift accomplished by the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit through the words and deeds of salvation history. It is most fully realized in the Passion, |
| Ecumenical Council | A gathering of the Church’s bishops from around the world to address pressing issues in the Church. Ecumenical councils are usually convened by the Pope or are at least confirmed or recognized by him. |
| Fathers of the Church (Church Fathers) | During the early centuries of the Church, those teachers whose writings extended the Tradition of the Apostles and who continue to be important for the Church’s teachings. |
| Incarnation | From the Latin, meaning “to become flesh,” referring to the mystery of Jesus Christ, the divine Son of God, becoming man. In the Incarnation, Jesus Christ became truly man while remaining truly God. |
| Magisterium | The Church’s living teaching office, which consists of all bishops, in communion with the Pope. |
| natural revelation | The process by which God makes himself known to human reason through the created world. Historical conditions and the consequences of Original Sin, however, often hinder our ability to fully know God’s truth through natural revelation alone. |
| papal infallibility | Dogma declaring the Pope, by the power of Holy Spirit, free of error when he declares a teaching on faith & morals contained in Divine Revelation. Dogmas are teachings that are central to Church teaching, defined by the Magisterium, and accorded the fulle |
| salvation | Latin salvare, meaning “to save,” refers to the forgiveness of sins and assurance of permanent union with God, attained for us through the Paschal Mystery—Christ's work of redemption accomplished through his Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension. |
| scholastic theology | The use of philosophical methods to better understand revealed truth. The goal of scholastic theology is to present the understanding of revealed truth in a logical and systematic form. |
| Vatican Council II | The ecumenical or general council of the Roman Catholic Church that Pope John XXIII (1958–1963) convened in 1962 and that continued under Pope Paul VI (1963–1978) until 1965. |
| vocation | A call from God to all members of the Church to embrace a life of holiness. Specifically, it refers to a call to live the holy life as an ordained minister, as a vowed religious (sister or brother), in a Christian marriage, or in single life. |
| Apostolic Succession | The uninterrupted passing on of apostolic preaching and authority from the Apostles directly to all bishops. It is accomplished through the laying on of hands when a bishop is ordained in the Sacrament of Holy Orders. |
| covenant | A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made. |
| creed | A short summary statement or profession of faith. The Nicene and Apostles’ Creeds are the Church’s most familiar and important creeds. |
| Deposit of Faith | The heritage of faith contained in the Sacred Scriptures and Tradition. It has been passed on from the time of the Apostles. The Magisterium takes from it all that it teaches as revealed truth. |
| Divine Revelation | God’s self-communication he makes known the mystery of divine plan. Divine Revelation gift accomplished by the Trinity through words & deeds of salvation history. It is fully realized in the Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus Christ. |
| dogma | Teachings recognized as central to Church teaching, defined by the Magisterium and accorded the fullest weight and authority. |
| Magisterium | The Church’s living teaching office, which consists of all bishops, in communion with the Pope. |
| mortal sin | A serious transgression of a person’s relationship with God and neighbors. Mortal sin hinders an individual’s potential for love and eternal life. |
| Original Sin | From the Latin origo, meaning “beginning” or “birth.” The term has two meanings |
| patriarch | The father or leader of a tribe, clan, or tradition. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were patriarchs of the Israelite people. |
| primeval history | The time period before the invention of writing and recording of historical data. |
| prophet | A person God chooses to speak his message of salvation. In the Bible, primarily a communicator of a divine message of repentance to the Chosen People, not necessarily a person who predicted the future |
| Sacred Tradition | Latin tradere, meaning “to hand on.” The process of passing on the Gospel message. Began with the oral communication of the Gospel by the Apostles, was written down in the Scriptures, and interpreted by the Magisterium under guidance of the Holy Spirit. |
| salvation history | The pattern of specific events in human history in which God clearly reveals his presence and saving actions. Salvation was accomplished once and for all through Jesus Christ, a truth foreshadowed and revealed throughout the Old Testament. |
| sin | Any deliberate offense, in thought, word, or deed, against the will of God. |
| theophany | God’s manifestation of himself in a visible form to enrich human understanding of him. An example is God's appearance to Moses in the form of a burning bush. |
| Trinity | From the Latin trinus, meaning “threefold,” referring to the central mystery of the Christian faith that God exists as a communion of three distinct and interrelated divine Persons |
| venial sin | Sin that is less serious and reparable by charity. |
| wisdom literature | The Old Testament Books of Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, Sirach, and Wisdom. |
| Babylonian Exile | In 587 BC, the Babylonians pillaged Judah, destroyed the Temple and the city of Jerusalem, and banished the people in chains to serve as slaves in Babylon. The Exile lasted until 539 BC. |
| Exodus | A Greek word meaning “to go out.” The Exodus was one of the pivotal events in the Old Testament. God’s power was revealed when the nation of Israel was freed from the bondage of Egypt in awe-inspiring and wondrous ways. |
| genealogy | A type of family tree. More than a bloodline, a genealogy was a literary form used as a proclamation to make connections with important ancestors. |
| idolatry | The worship of false gods or the love of anything more than the one, true God. |
| Israel | At the ancient site of Bethel, God affirmed the promises of the Covenant and gave Jacob a new name |
| manna | Little flakes the Israelites collected and boiled or baked into a breadlike substance, symbolizing God as the sole sustainer of life. |
| monotheism | The belief in and worship of one, true God. |
| Passover | The night the Lord passed over the houses of the Israelites marked by the blood of the lamb, & spared the firstborn sons. The feast that celebrates the deliverance of the Chosen People from bondage in Egypt and the Exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land. |
| patriarch | The father or leader of a tribe, clan, or tradition. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were the patriarchs of the Israelite people. |
| Pentateuch | A Greek word meaning “five books,” referring to the first five books of the Old Testament. |
| pharaoh | A ruler of ancient Egypt. |
| redemption | From the Latin redemptio, meaning “a buying back,” referring, in the Old Testament, to Yahweh’s deliverance of Israel and, in the New Testament, to Christ’s deliverance of all Christians from the forces of sin. |
| repentance | A word from the Latin poenitire, meaning “to make sorry,” referring to the recognition and rejection of personal sin. |
| ritual | A specific ceremony such as the ritual of the Mass, or a book that contains the texts that are to be recited during such ceremonies. |
| sacrifice | To make holy; a rite offered to God on behalf of the people, presided over by a priest who leads and represents the community in adoration, repentance, gratitude, and honor (see Hebrews 2 |
| Ark of the Covenant | A sacred chest that housed the tablets of the Ten Commandments. It was placed within the sanctuary where God would come and dwell. |
| Canaan | The land God promised to Abraham and his descendants. |
| First and Second Kings | These books present the history of the monarchy until the destruction of the northern kingdom in 701 BC and of the southern kingdom and Jerusalem in 587 BC. |
| First and Second Samuel | These books are concerned with the creation of the monarchy. |
| genealogy | A type of family tree. More than a bloodline, a genealogy was a literary form used during biblical times as a proclamation to make connections with important ancestors. |
| judges | The eleven men and one woman who served the Hebrew people as tribal leaders, military commanders, arbiters of disputes, and enliveners of faith. |
| king | The ruler of Israel was to follow the vision of justice and monotheism called for by the Israelites’ primal Covenant relationship with God. The true king of Israel was forever to be the Lord God, King of Kings (1 Samuel 2 |
| servant leadership | A type of leadership based on humble service to all God’s people. |
| analogy of faith | The coherence of individual doctrines with the whole of Revelation. In other words, as each doctrine is connected with Revelation, each doctrine is also connected with all other doctrines. |
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