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Orange Module
Orange Module Review-Digestive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are rugae? | Folds in the stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes. |
| What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | Liver, gallbladder, pancreas. |
| What are the four divisions of the colon? | Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon. |
| What are the functions of the liver? | Produces bile, removes glucose (sugar) from the blood, stores vitamins B12, A, D, E and K, destroys or transforms toxic products, destroys damaged red blood cells, synthesizing proteins that circulate in the blood. |
| What are the three main components of the large intestine? | Cecum, colon, rectum. |
| What are the three main parts of the stomach? | Fundus, body, pylorus. |
| What are the two structures that form the roof of the mouth? | Hard palate, soft palate. |
| What is the medical term for the mouth? | Oral cavity. |
| What is another name for the GI tract? | Alimentary canal. |
| What are villi? | Microscopic finger-like projections. |
| Where does peristalsis occur? | From the pharynx to the anus. (The entire GI tract) |
| Where is digestion completed? | Small intestine. |
| What is a volvulus? | A life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself. |
| What are hemorrhoids? | Enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal. |
| What causes hepatitis A? | Ingestion of contaminated food, water or milk. |
| What is diverticulosis? | Small blisterlike pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine. |
| What is ulcerative colitis? | Chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum. |
| Where are ulcers commonly found? | Stomach and duodenum. |
| Where do inguinal hernias develop? | In the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs. |
| Which large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | Ulcerative colitis. |
| ulcer | A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach. |
| occult blood | A test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding. |
| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. |
| hernia | Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it. |
| deglutition | Act of swallowing. |
| gallbladder | An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine. |
| pancreas | An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion. |
| regurgitation | Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach. |
| mastication | Chewing. |
| fecalith | Fecal concretion. |
| cecum | First 2-3" of the large intestine. |
| ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver. |
| cholelithiasis | Formation of gallstones. |
| flatus | Gas in the GI tract. |
| ulterative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon. |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine. |
| stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of the stomach. |
| anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat. |
| rectum | Last portion of the GI tract. |
| ileum | Lower division of the small intestine. |
| serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood. |
| halitosis | Offensive or "bad" breath. |
| proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum and anus. |
| melena | Passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices. |
| steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces. |
| celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen. |
| buccal | Peraining to the cheek. |
| lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a stone. |
| eructation | Producing gas from the stomach. |
| peristalsis | Progressive, wavelike movement. |
| upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine. |
| lower gastrointestinal series (BE) | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon. |
| cholecystogram/graphy | Radiographic record of the gallbladder. |
| borborygmus | Rumbing or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance. |
| cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver. |
| jejunum | Second division of the small intestine. |
| transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen. |
| obstipation | Severe constipation. |
| pyloric stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter. |
| enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall. |
| ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall. |
| anastomosis | Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another. |
| cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip. |
| aerophagia | Swallowing air. |
| liver | The largest glandular organ. |
| diarrhea | The passage of unformed watery bowel movements. |
| ingest | To eat. |
| hematemesis | Vomiting blood. |
| malabsorption | When nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues. |
| oral leukoplakia | White patches that form on the tongue, lips or cheek. |
| Ba | barium |
| BaE, BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CT | computed tomography |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde choleangiopancreatography |
| GB | gallbladder |
| GERD | gastroseophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| PE | physical examination |
| PMH | past medical history |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| R/O | rule out |
| RGB | Roux-en-Y gastric bypass |
| STAT | immediately |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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