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Chapter 3 Test
Greek History Test on People and stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| oracle | a sacred shrine or place where the gods revealed the future through a priest or priestess |
| tragedy | the first Greek dramas, called tragedy because they had an unhappy ending |
| philosophy | an organized system of thought, from a Greek word that means “love of wisdom” |
| Socratic Method | method of teaching that uses a question and answer format, to lead students to see things for themselves by using their own reasoning |
| Aeschylus | a playwright that wrote Orestia a set of 3 plays about the Trojan War |
| Sophocles | a playwright whose most famous play was Oedipus Rex |
| Euripides | a playwright that tried to create realistic characters and real-life situations. His plays portrayed war as brutal and barbaric and expressed compassion for those that suffered because of it |
| Pythagoras | developed the Pythagorean Theorem and believed that the “essence” of the universe could be found in music and numbers |
| Socrates | philosopher, teacher, developed the Socratic Method. believed that the goal of education was to improve the individual (see notes for more on Socrates) |
| Plato | philosopher, student of Socrates, wrote The Republic which was about the ideal state (see notes) |
| Aristotle | philosopher, student of Plato, wrote about a wide range of subjects, for centuries much of science is based upon his ideas (see notes for more) |
| Herodotus | considered by many to be the “Father of History” wrote History of the Persian Wars, included facts, anecdotes and stories about the gods in his writings |
| Thucydides | wrote “History of the Peloponnesian War”, considered by many to be the greatest historian of the ancient world. He included only verified facts in his writings. |
| What were some of the common themes of Greek tragedies? | the nature of good and evil •rights of the individual •the nature of divine forces •the nature of human beings |
| What was the philosophy of the Sophists? | Sophists believed that the universe was beyond human understanding, and that there was no absolute right or wrong |
| How did Socrates get in trouble with the authorities and what happened to him? | Socrates questioned authority and taught his students to do the same. After a revolt, that included some of his students, Socrates was blamed for “corrupting” the youth of Athens and denying the gods. He was found guilty in trail and sentenced to drink he |
| What was, likely, the “real” cause of the Trojan War? | Many historians believe that the real cause of the Trojan War was control of trade routes in and out of the Black Sea. |
| What is significant about the strait called the Dardanelles? | The Dardanelles is the narrow entrance into the Black Sea, whomever controls the Dardanelles, controls the trade into and out of the Black Sea, it is believed that Troy may have controlled that strait, which led them into conflict with the Mycenaean Greek |
| Hellenistic Era | the time period that began with Philip and Alexander, during this time Greek culture, language and ideas traveled to all parts of the world that Alexander conquered |
| Epicureanism | a philosophy that was founded by Epicurus. Epicureans believed that happiness was a goal of life and pursuing pleasure was the best way to achieve happiness. However pleasure to Epicureans meant freedom from emotional turmoil and worry, not physical pleas |
| Stoicism | a philosophy founded by Zeno, Stoics believed that happiness could only be found when people gained inner peace by learning to live in harmony with the will of gods/God. They believed that people could bear whatever life offered (disease, death, poverty, |
| Philip II | father of Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, conquered/ united Greece under his rule. He was assassinated. |
| Alexander the Great | became king of Macedonia at the age of 20, set out to conquer all Persia and as far east as the borders on India. Died at the age of 32 in Babylon. Considered to be one of the greatest generals of the ancient world |
| Aristarchus | astronomer, developed the theory that the sun was the center of the universe and that the Earth rotated around it |
| Eratosthenes | astronomer that determined that the earth was round and calculated the circumference |
| Euclid | mathematician that wrote “Elements” a book on plane geometry, considered the “Father of Geometry” |
| Archimedes | the most famous scientist of Hellenistic times, known for a number of discoveries including establishing the value of pi, inventing a screw pump, the importance of levers (see notes for more) |
| Zeno | philosopher, founder of Stoicism |
| Why was Alexander so successful? | •Great military leader, master of strategy and tactics •brave fighter willing to risk his life and lead his men in battle •served as an example that inspired his men |
| What happened to Alexander’s Empire after his death? | Alexander’s empire was divided among his generals into 4 smaller kingdoms. |
Created by:
asparks467
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