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Chapter 11 Identify
Meh
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mecca | Bustling market town on the crossroads of two main caravan routes. Thriving pilgramage center. Arabs came here to pray at Kaaba |
| Bedouins | Nomadic herders used camels to cross the scorching desert in search of seasonal pasturelands. Would form backbone of armies that conquered huge empires. |
| Kaaba | Ancient shrine that Muslims today believe was built by prophet Abraham, all arabs are expected to make a trip to see kaaba at some point in life. |
| Khadija | Wealthy widow who ran a prosperous caravan business, would become Muhhammads wife. |
| Quran | Sacred text of Islam teaches that god is all power-ful and compassionate. |
| People of the Book | Muslims name for Jews and Christians who are spiritually superior to polytheistic idol worshipers. |
| Sharia | Islamic system of law that regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and other aspects of law called Sharia. |
| Oasis | Fertile area in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring |
| Hijra | Muhamad's flight form Mecca to Medina in 622 |
| Monotheistic | Believing in one God |
| Mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| Hajj | One of the Five Pillars of Islam, the pilgrimage to MEcca tha all Muslims are expected to make at least once in their lifetime |
| JIhad | In Islam, an effort in God's Service |
| Abu Bakr | First caliph, faced trouble with loyalty from Arab tribes after Muhammads death. However he was able to reunite the Arabs. |
| Battle of Tours | First defeat in the Muslim armies, keeping them from entering France |
| Fatima an Ali | Descendants of Muhammad that were believed to be the rightful caliph by Shiites. Fatima was Muhammads daughter and Ali his son-in-law. |
| Sufi | Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals. Respected for piety and miraculous power. |
| Umayyads | Family that set up dynasty after Ali. Had to adapt from desert life to ruling cities and huge territories. Relied on local officials for government |
| Abbasids | Dynasty started by Abu al-Abbas who captured Damascus, and killed the Umayyads by inviting them to a banquet and killing them there, |
| Harun al-Rashid | The city of Baghdad would reach its peak under his rule, which extended from 786 to 809. Viewed as symbol of wealth and splendor |
| Seljuks | Adopted Islam after migrating to Middle East. Built empire on fertile crescent. |
| Tamerlane | Mongol leader, Timur the Lame, led armies into Middle East. Was a Muslim |
| Caliph | Successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of Muslim |
| Minaret | Slender tower of a mosque, from which Muslims are called to prayer |
| Muezzin | Mosque official who climbs to the top of a minaret to call the faithful to prayer |
| Sultan | Muslim ruler |
| Omar Khayyám | Famous in Muslim world as a scholar and astronomer, best known to westerners for The Rubaiyat. |
| Averroes | Philosopher Ibn Rushd, put all knowledge except the Quran to the test of reason |
| Muhammad al-Razi | Original medical thinker, head physician at Baghdad's chief hospital. Wrote many books over medicine. Started the study for measles and smallpox |
| Avicenna | Persian physician Ibn Sina was a doctor by age 16, wrote Canon on Medicine was an encyclopedia of what he and others had discovered about treatment. |
| Social mobility | Ability to move up in social class |
| Arabesque | Intricate design made up of curved lines that suggest floral shapes, used to decorate rugs, textiles, and glassware |
| Calligraphy | Fancy or stylized handwritting |
| Sikhism | New religion formed by the teaching of Nanak, began in northern India. |
| Babur | Led Turkish and Mongol invaders, was a militray genius, poet, and author of a fascinating book of memoirs, he also claimed to be a descendent of Tamerlame and Genghiz Khan. |
| Mugha | Persian word for Mongol, Mughal was a dynasty set up by Babur after he removed the remnants of Dehli Sultanante |
| Nur Jahan | Wife who handled government details for husband Jahangir, most powerful women in India until the 12 centuary. |
| Taj Mahal | A tomb built for Mumtaz Mahal after she died. Designed in persian style. Greatest monument in Mughal empire. |
| Sultanate | Land ruled by a sultan |
| Caste | In traditional Indian society, unchangeable social group into which a person is born |
| Rajah | Elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe in ancient India; local Hindu ruler in India |
| Sinan | A Janizary millitary engineer, designed hundreds of mosques and palaces. |
| Isfahan | Center of international silk trade. Trade was controlled by Armenians. |
| Millet | In the Ottoman empire, a religious community of non-Muslims are called to prayer |
| Janizary | Elite force of the Ottoman army |
| Shah | KING |
Created by:
ThomasNelson
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