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World History 102
Chapter 11 Identify and Define
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mecca | A thriving pilgrimage center where Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Kaaba. |
| Bedouins | Nomadic herders that rode camels across the desert. |
| Kaaba | A place for arabs to pray to local gods and goddesses. |
| Khadija | Muhammad's wife. She became the first follower of Islam |
| Quran | The sacred text of Islam |
| People of the Book | Muslims, Jews, and Christians that believe in only one God. |
| Sharia | Regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and many other aspects of a Muslim community. |
| Oasis | A fertile area, in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring. |
| Hijra | Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Yathrib |
| Monotheistic | The belief in one God. |
| Mosque | A Muslim house of worship, used for prayer. |
| Hajj | The pilgrimage to Mecca. |
| Jihad | An effort or service in God's name |
| Abu Bakr | The first caliph after Muhammad that reunited the Arabs |
| Battle of Tours | The battle that halted the Muslim's advance into Western Europe. |
| Fatima and Ali | The daughter and Son-in-law of Muhammad. Ali became the fourth Caliph. The Shiites believed only their descendants could become Caliphs. |
| Sufi | Third tradition of Islam in which Muslim mystics sought communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals. |
| Umayyads | Family that set up a dynasty that lasted until 750 |
| Abbassids | The dynasty lead by Abu al-abbas that overthrew the Umayyads, and lasted until 1258. |
| Harun al-Rashid | Model ruler between 786 and 809. Baghdad reached its peak. |
| Sejulks | They adopted Islam and migrated into Asia Minor, threatening the Byzantine Empire, leading to the First Crusade. |
| Tamerlane | A Muslim Mongol leader. He overran Persia and Mesopotamia, and also invaded Russia and India. |
| Caliph | Successor to Muhammad |
| Minaret | The slender towers of mosques |
| Muezzin | A mosque official that calls people to pray |
| Sultan | Authority |
| Omar Khayyám | Scholar and Astronomer. Author of the Rubáiyát, a collection of four line poems. |
| Averroes | Put all knowledge to the test of reason, except for the Quran. He influenced Christian scholastics in Europe. Also known as Ibn Rushd |
| Muhammad Al-Razi | Wrote many books on medicine, pioneering the study of smallpox and measles |
| Avicenna | Author of a book called Canon on Medicine, which contained over 4,000 prescriptions. Also known as Ibn Sina |
| Social Mobility | The ability to move up in a social class |
| Arabesque | An intricate design composed of curved lines that suggest floral shapes |
| Calligraphy | The art of beautiful handwriting |
| Sikhism | A blend of Hinduism and Islam. Unity of God, brotherhood of man, rejection of the caste system. |
| Babur | Descendant of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane. He conquered the Delhi sultanate. |
| Mughal | The persian word for mongol. The dynasty that ruled northern India from 1526 to 1857. |
| Nur Jahan | The wife of Akbar's son, Jahangir. She held most of the details of the government. She was the most powerful woman in India until the Twentieth century. |
| Taj Mahal | A Persian styled tomb for Shah Jahan's wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The greatest monument of the Mughal empire. |
| Sultanate | Land ruled by a sultan |
| Caste | Social groups from which you cannot change |
| Rajah | Hindu rulers |
| Sinan | A janizary military engineer that designed hundreds of mosques and palaces, one of which was comparable to the Hagia Sophia. It was called the Selimiye Mosque at Edirne |
| Isfahan | Shah Abbas the Great's capital of the Safavid empire. It became a center of the international silk trade. |
| Millet | Religious community |
| Janizary | The elite force of the Ottoman army |
| Shah | King |
Created by:
Diego Solis
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