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Honors W History 8
Chapter 11 Identify and Define
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mecca | a pilgrimage center |
| Bedouins | nomadic herders |
| Kaaba | an ancient shrine that Muslims believe was built by the prophet Abraham |
| Khadija | a wealthy widow who ran a prosperous caravan business, also Muhammad's wife |
| Quran | the sacred text of Islam |
| People of the Book | spiritually superior to polytheistic idol worshipers |
| Sharia | Islamic system of law |
| oasis | fertile area in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring |
| hijra | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 |
| monotheistic | believing in one God |
| mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca |
| jihad | in Islam, an effort in God's service |
| Aku Bakr | First caliph to Muhammad |
| Battle of Tours | the battle in which the Muslim army was halted in Spain |
| Fatima and Ali | Muhammad's daughter and son-in-law |
| Sufi | Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through meditation |
| Umayyads | dynasty that ruled the Muslims until 750 |
| Abbassids | dynasty that ruled the Muslims until 1258 |
| Harun al-Rashid | ruler from 786-809 who ruled at Baghdad's peak, viewed as a symbol of wealth and splendor |
| Seljuks | Turks who adopted the Islam religion and ruled over Baghdad |
| Tamerlane | a mongol leader who was Muslim yet conquered Muslim lands |
| caliph | successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims |
| minaret | slender tower of a mosque, from which Muslims are called to prayer |
| muezzin | mosque official who climbs to the top of a minaret to call the faithful to prayer |
| sultan | Muslim ruler |
| Omar Khayyám | famous in the Muslim world as a scholar and astronomer, is best known to westerners for The Rubáiyát |
| Averroës | also known, Ibn Rushd the philosopher, he put all knowledge except the Quran to the test of reason |
| Muhammad al-Razi | one of the most original medicine thinkers, also head physician at Baghdad's chief hospital |
| Avicenna | equally as famous as Muhammad al-Razi, also known as Ibn Sina the Persian physician |
| social mobility | ability to move up in social class |
| arabesque | intricate design made up of curved lines that suggest floral shapes, used to decorate rugs, textiles, and glassware |
| calligraphy | fancy or stylized handwriting |
| Sikhism | the combining of the Muslim and Hindu religions |
| Babur | conqueror from Central Asia, who became the first Mughal emperor |
| Mughal | dynasty which ruled from 1526 to 1857, also "Mongol" |
| Nur Jahan | Akbar's son's, Jahangir, wife |
| Taj Mahal | a twin structure built as a tomb for Shah Jahan |
| sultanate | land ruled by a sultan |
| caste | in traditional Indian society, unchangeable social group into which a person is born |
| rajah | elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe in ancient Indian; local Hindu ruler in India |
| Sinan | a royal architect, a janizary military engineer who designed many mosques and palaces |
| Isfahan | a center of the international silk trade that was made a new capital by Abbas |
| millet | in the Ottoman empire, a religious community of non-Muslims |
| janizary | elite force of the Ottoman army |
| shah | king |
Created by:
amandagonzalez
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