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CHAPTER 12

Nervous System

QuestionAnswer
Nervous System has two interconnected divisions: (CNS) Central Nervous System, (PNS) Peripheral Nervous System
CNS includes brain and spinal cord (enclosed by bones of the skull and spinal column)
PNS consists of the network of nerves and neural tissues branching throughout the body. 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves.Links the central nervous system with other parts of the body
Two principal tissue types: Neurons (nerve cells), Neuroglia
Neurons Structural and functional units of the nervous system. Specialized conductors of impulses that enable the body to interact with its internal and external environments. Specialized conductors of impulses that enable the body to interact with its internal
Neuroglia (supporting tissue)
Motor Neurons cause contrations in muscles and secretions from glands and organs
Axons long and covered with a fatty substance, the myelin sheath that acts as an insulator and increases the trasmission velocity of the nerve fiber it surrounds.
Axons may be as long as several feet and reach from the cell body to the area to be activated.
Dendrites resemble the branch of a tree, are short and unsheated, transmit impulses to the cell body.
Nerve Fibers and Tracts conduct impulses from one location to another
Central Nervous System receives impulses from throughout the body, processes the information, and responds with appropriate action
Brain governs sensory perception, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements
Spinal cord conduct sensory impulses to the brain; conduct motor impulses from the brain to body parts, and serves as a reflex center for impulses entering and leaving the spinal cord without involvement of the brain
Cranial Nerve 12 pairs: provide sensory input and motor control, or a combination of these
Spinal Nerve 31 pairs: carry impulses to the spinal cord and to muscles, organs and glands
Autonomic Nervous System controls involuntary bodily functions such as sweating and arterial blood pressure.
Created by: sgaston712
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