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Chapter 7
Heart, diseases of heart, arteries, veins, vascular system disorders, blood, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The heart contains.. | four chambers and is located slight left of midline in thoracic cavity. |
| What are the 2 upper chambers of the heart? | The atria |
| Interatrial septum? | Wall |
| What does the Intraventricular septum do? | They devide the 2 lower chambers and ventricles. |
| Where are atrioventricular valves located? | Between each atrium and ventricle so blood can flow in 1 direction only preventing back flow. |
| Coronary artery? | Supplies blood to heart. |
| cardiac cycle: contracting phase? | Systole |
| Relaxing phase? | Diastole |
| When blood exits right ventricle what happens next? | pulmonary circuit begins where it enters the right and left pulmonary arteries. |
| What is pulmonary circuit? | pulmonary artery that carries deoxygenated blood. |
| Normal adult heart rate is? | 60-90 beats per minute |
| children have... | faster heart rates than adults |
| Why do athletes have slower heart rates? | Because more blood can be pumped with each beat. |
| What is arrhythmia? | Irregular heart beat/rate/rhythm |
| What is bradycardia? | Heart less than 60 bpm |
| What is tachycardia? | Heart rate greater than 100 bpm/fast heart beat |
| What is the average blood pressure adult reading? | 120/80 120 over 80 |
| Diseases of the Heart: Myocardial infaction (MI) | Heart attack |
| Pericarditis | Inflamation of pericardium |
| Nephritis | increased creatinine levels |
| What is the cycle of the vascular system? | Heart,lungs,heart,arteries, arterioles, capillaries,venules,veins,heart HLHAACVVH - hunter,left,heather, alone, after,crying, very, very, hard |
| What are arteries? | Vessels that carry blood away from heart |
| Blood is... | Oxygenated |
| Pulmonary artery | Deoxygenated blood. |
| What do artery vessels have? | A pulse |
| What are veins? | blood vessels that carry blood to heart |
| All veins contain what kind of blood? | Deoxygenated blood |
| Pulmonary veins contain.. | oxygenated blood |
| What are the largest veins? | Vena Cava |
| Median cubital.. | First choice. Near center of the AC area and is usually large and located close to skin. Stationary. M C B |
| Cephalic.. | second choice. Located on lateral aspect of AC area. Thumb side. |
| Basilic | Third choice. Located on inner aspect of AC area/pinky side. |
| What do the capillaries do? | These are the only vessels that permit exchange of gases (O2 & CO2) and other molecules between blood and other surrounding tissues. |
| CLSI standards allow... | Allow venipuncture in back of hand and wrist if necessary. |
| Vascular system disorders: Aneurysm is... | localized dilation, bulging, or weakened area of the wall of blood vessel. A P A |
| Phlebitis is.. | Inflamation of a vein |
| atherosclerosis is.. | hardening of veins associated with high cholesterol levels |
| Human bodies contain... | About 5 qts. of whole blood composed of water solutes and cells. |
| Plasma is made up of... | 55% of the blood |
| Formed elements make up... | 45% of blood |
| What is plasma? | Clear, pale yellow fluid comprised of 90% water and 10% solutes. |
| Solutes include: 1.Gases.... GMNPWVHD Gary made nate pull water very hard driving | CO2 and O2 |
| 2. Minerals/electrolytes.. | Sodium,potassium,& chloride. If these get low it can lead to dehydration. |
| 3. Nutrients.. | Glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol |
| 4. Proteins | Albumin, fibrinogen |
| 5. Waste products | urea,uric,acid |
| 6. Vitamins | |
| 7. Hormones | |
| 8. Drugs | |
| What is RBC? | Red blood cells/erythrocytes that are the most numerous cells in blood. |
| What is WBC? | White blood cells/leukocytes contain a nucleus and their main function is to neutralize and destroy pathogens in body. They protect it from infection. |
| Thrombocytes | Also known as Platelets, are much smaller than other blood cells. |
| What do Platelets do? | They help in clotting, forming temporary patch or plug to slow blood loss and contracting after blood clot has formed. |
| What is a platelets life span? | 9 to 12 days |
| What is the difference in human blood types? | the presence or absence of protein molecules called antigens and antibodies found on surace of RBC's. |
| What does serum not contain? | doesn't contain anticoagulant additive. Once cerifuged they can't be remixed. |
| Blood disorders: 1. Iatrogenic anemia | blood loss due to excessive venipunctures. |
| 2. Leukemia | Increased number of WBC's characterized by abnormal forms they are overproduced. |
| 3. Leukopenia | Decreased number of WBC's in blood |
| 4. Thrombocytopenia | Decreased or low number of platelets in the blood. |
| 5. Polycythemia | increased or high amount of RBC's in blood |
| 6. Leukocytosis | high number of WBC's in the blood |
| Common tests for blood disorders.. | CBC: complete blood count with diff-refers to specific types of WBC's. |
| 5 stages of hemostasis: Stage 1... | Vascular stage: injured vessel constricts to supress blood flow |
| Stage 2... | Platet phase: platets clump together to injured site to form plug. |
| Stage 3... | coagulation phase: complicated series of factors are activated to form fibrin clot. |
| Stage 4... | clot retraction phase: when bleeding has stopped. Clot retracts to bring torn edges back together. |
| Stage 5... | Fibrinolysis phase: Final repair and regeneration of injured vessels occures and clot slowly, breaks up and dissolves as other cells carry out further repair. |
| Coagulation issues that affect phlebotomy.. | Drugs such as heparin and coumadin (warfarin) suppress clotting factors and used to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), emboly, thrombi, etc. These drugs thin out blood. |
| Hemostatic disorder.. | Hemophilia: hereditary condition that causes abnormal bleeding and clotting factors do not work properly. |
| Lymph nodes... | Tissue that removes impurities and processes lymphocytes. They trap and destroy bacteria and are removed during mastectomy. |
| What is lymphomia | Any lymph tumor, benign, or malignant. |
Created by:
z_garcia
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