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Content Exam #3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Zoroastrianism | came from Zarathustra, persian society, Ahura Mahzda is supreme creator God, good vs evil (Ahura Mahzda fighting Angra Mainyu, Gathas, Aresta, prayer, missionaries, big impact on other religions |
| Gathas | The hymns of Zarathustra and teachings (many years after his death) |
| Mithraism | cult honoring Mithras, Persian deity of sun, courage, etc. common among Roman Soldiers |
| Jesus of Nazareth | the Christ, |
| Paul of Tarsus | greatest missionary of Christian faith |
| Constantine | had a vision of Christian God, converted to Christianity |
| Saint Augustine | converted to Christianity from Manichaeism, writings made Christianity intellectually respectable |
| Orthodox Christianity | in the east with Constantinople, patriarchs, bishops |
| Manichaeism | Prophet Mani, influenced by Christianity, influences Christianity, dualism, aceticism |
| Constantine | recombined the Roman empire, built Constantinople |
| Germanic invasions | people north of Roman empire come in and take over Rome cuz rome is too big |
| Huns | lead by Atila, scared many Germanic tribes into Rome |
| Byzantium | original city where Constantinople was built upon, what Byzantine empire is named after |
| Constantinople | Emperor Constantine's new capital of Rome, captial of Byzantine empire |
| Byzantine Empire | grew out of end of Roman Empire, centered at Constantinople (used to be Byzantium) |
| caesaropapism | mixing of political and religious authority |
| Justinian | Emperor under whose reign the Byzantine empire reached its height |
| the Papacy | The popes, started with emperors, then became more independent |
| the Patriarchs | the Four Patriarchs of the four cities that were part of rulers in Christianity |
| Pope Gregory I | sent out missionaries |
| monasticism | acetist monks of the Christian faith |
| dar al-Islam | "house of Islam", term for Islamic World |
| Muhammad | seal of the prophets, made islam |
| Quran | holy book of Islam, poetic relation of Allah |
| Five Pillars of islam | 1)Allah=God, Muhammad=God 2)pray to Allah daily facing Mecca 3)Ramadan daytime fast 4) alms 5) hajj |
| Shia | those who believed that Muhammad's bloodline should rule (Ali), most common alternative to Sunni Islam |
| Umayyad dynasty | from most prominent merchant family in Mecca |
| Abbasid dynasty | Abu al-Abbas, Sunni but allied with Shia and conquered peoples, not a conquering dynasty, just spread through trade, admin like Persians and Byzantines, capital of Baghdad |
| madrasas | institutions of higher education |
| al-Andalus | Islamic Spain, remained Umayyadic for a long time, Seville, Córdoba, Spain |
| Sufis | mystics who taught Islam through rousing sermons, dancing, deepened spiritual awareness |
| Kingdom of Ghana | between Senegal and Niger Rivers, increased with trade increase, gold ivory slaves |
| Mali empire | really big, made by Sundiata, contained big trading cities like Timbuktu |
| Mansa Musa | guy who did hajj and gave away lots of gold and slaves |
| Swahili city-states | kings converted to Islam in order to increase trade |
| Zimbabwe | Great Zimbabwe, dwelling of the chief, kings controlled trade |
| Sui Dynasty | (589-618 CE) Yang Jian took over, construction of all kinds, military forces, high taxes, strong centralized govt |
| Grand Canal | most elaborate project of Sui Dynasty, series of artificial waterways to send food crops north and south, increased econ |
| Tang dynasty | (618-907 CE) success by good transportation and communications network, equal-field system, bureaucracy based on merit |
| equal-field system | equitable distribution of land, one fifth for hereditary, 4/5 for possible redistribution |
| Song Dynasty | (960-1279 CE) not a powerful state, more about administration, industry, education, and arts |
| Neo-Confucianism | combination of original Confucian values and Buddhism, Zhu Xi important |
| Arianism | a part of Christianity started in Alexandria Egypt |
| Berbers | lived in North Africa, nomadic pastoralists or agriculturalists, change from Christianity to Islam |
| Bodhisattva | people who qualified for release, but choose to stay on earth |
| Hijra | Muhammads flight (or invitation) to Medina in 622 |
| Jihad | Struggle, physical, spiritual, against ignorance and unbelief |
| Mahayana Buddism | greater vesicle, mostly what spread to other countries |
| Pharisees | created in opposition to Sadducees, |
| Sadducees | control of temple, no resurrection, no like Greeks |
| Theravada Buddhism | more demanding, more asceticism |
| Five Pillars of Islam | 1) only one God, Allah, with one prophet, Muhammad 2)Prayer 5 times a day 3)Fasting during Ramadan 4)alms 5)hajj |
Created by:
ksheehy96
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