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Ms Gateley's Unit 3
Ms Gateley's Unit 3 study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| empire | comes form Latin word imperium - the absolute authority held by rulers of ancient Rome. |
| By the end of the 1st century B.C.E., Rome controlled most of | North Africa, Iberian Peninsula, Greece, Egypt, much of Southwest Asia, and most of present day Europe (as far as the Rhine River in Germany). |
| Rome's main contribution to the history of culture was | Practical rather than theoretical. |
| Rome's most important contributions were in | 1. Engineering - primarily bridge and road building. 2. Development of a system of Law. Both of these were used for unification purposes. |
| PAX ROMANA | Roman Peace (30 B.C.E. - 180 C.E.) |
| Roman Peace occurred during reign of | Emperor Octavian - also known as Augustus |
| Augustus (Octavian) was an enthusiastic patron of the arts and commissioned works from the fields of | Literature, Sculpture, and Architecture |
| Language of Rome | Latin |
| Purpose of the Latin Prose was for | entertainment, instruction, and record keeping. |
| As a result of the Latin language, these were introduced into the culture | 1st geographies, encyclopedias, biographies, histories, and manuals of instruction |
| One of Rome's greatest Historians | Titus Livius |
| Art of public speaking | Oratory |
| Letters - Art of letter writing | Epistles |
| Cicero | excelled in Oratory and Epistles. Wrote more than 900 letters and 100 speeches and essays. |
| Romans favored the Stoic point of view - which was to | reject emotions and rely on reason. |
| Epic Poetry produced | some of the world's finest verse |
| Rome's best example of a poet was | Virgil |
| Virgil's best known work is the | Aeneid |
| Virgil also wrote pastoral poems or | Eclogue. |
| Eclogues were designed to glorify | the natural landscape and its rustic inhabitants. |
| The three other most well known Roman poets are | Catullus, Ovid, and Horace |
| The landmark contribution of Rome to the field of literature is | Satire |
| Satire | uses humor to denounce human vice and folly - mocks human imperfection |
| Served as entertainments to accompany the public games | Roman drama - Tragedy |
| Public games that marked major civic festivals called | Ludi |
| Ludi | characterized by displays of armed combat and violent amusements. |
| The tragedies that were written to be used with the ludi tended to be | ghoulish, and bloody in character. |
| Romans preferred comedies which were characterized by | obscene humor, stock characters, simple plots, and broad slapstick action. |
| Roman architecture reflected the practical needs of society so as a result, these tended to be the most common building projects: | roads, tenements, meeting halls, baths, and ampitpheaters |
| Engineering and Architecture considered to be | the same field by Romans. |
| Arch | made it possible for the Romans to build multi-storied buildings and bridges that defied natural barriers. |
| Romans felt their greatest technological achievement was | the Aqueducts (used to bring clean water to the cities). |
| Romans were first to use | concrete |
| Components of concrete consist of | aggregate of sand, lime, brick/stone rubble, and water |
| Examples of some large scale concrete projects | Circus Maximus, Colosseum, and the Pantheon. |
| Circus Maximus | seated 200,000, used for entertainments. |
| Colosseum | covered 6 acres, seated 50,000. Used all 3 Greek orders of columns. Facility used for entertainment. |
| Pantheon | best example of Roman architectural genius - Temple dedicated to 7 planetary deities - Featured a portico with 8 Corinthian columns - One of the few buildings to have survived from classical Antiquity relatively intact - 19 foot thick rotunda (the dom |
| Purpose of oculus | is to admit light and air. |
| Roman baths were centered on a | Basilica |
| Basilica | rectangle colonnaded hall (like a shopping mall). |
| Apse | semi-circular recess in the basilica |
| Activities found in large basilicas in the Roman Forum | law courts, meeting hall, and market place |
| Main purpose of Roman Sculpture/monuments | was to advertise military achievements and serve as visual propaganda. |
| Chief kinds of monuments | 1. Triumphal arches - usually served as gateways 2. Victory columns - Trajan's Column (good example) 3. Equestrian portrait (statue) |
| Portrait sculpture | -purpose - private use. Served as the "photography" of their time - 3 dimensional portraits (busts) - reflected obsessive fidelity to realism - used to pay tribute to family members - especially the father and his lineage (Paterfamilias) |
| Best examples of frescoes found in and around | Pompeii and Herculanem |
| Trompe L'oeil | often designed to give the viewer the impression of looking outside, distant buildings, create windows and doors that did not exist. (to-fool-the-eye) |
| Emperical perspective | is a technique that creates a sense of 3 dimensional space on a two dimensional surface. |
| Mosaic | small pieces of stone/glass embedded into wet cement surface. |
| Atrium | large central hall open to the sky. |
| Hydraulis/hydraus | pipe organ powered by water - this is the instrument that was mainly responsible for the early Christian church banning instrumental music because it was often associated with torture of Christians at the Colosseum. |
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