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Nutrition
Chapter 8 & 9 Water soluble and fat soluble vitamins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are vitamins? | Organic compounds essential to diet and promote growth and health maintenance. |
| Water soluble vitamins? | B vitamins, vitamin C, Choline |
| Fat soluble vitamins? | vitamin A, D, E, K |
| Make up of B vitamins? | Many different substances. They were thought to be made up of only one. |
| Two categories of vitamins? | Water soluble & Fat soluble |
| B vitamins consist of.... | Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Vit B6, Folate, Vit B12. |
| Fat Soluble consist of .... | Vit D, E, A, K |
| What is fortification? | Adding nutrients to foods that generally are not found in food or added nutrients in greater quantities. Example: Calcium is added to Orange Juice |
| What is enrichment? | Adding nutrients to food which have been lost during processing. Example B vitamins to white rice. |
| What are Dietary Supplements? | Another source of vitamins, can contain a combination of vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, or extracts. Can not replace a diet containing variety of foods. |
| What does bioavailibility mean? | Vitamins must be absorbed by body to perform their functions |
| What percentage of vitamins are absorbed? | 40-90% |
| Where are vitamins absorbed? | small intestine |
| What does fat soluble vitamins need to be absorbed? | requires fat from diet |
| Function of Vitamin A | Eye --> Retina, Growth development, Immune, and Bone |
| Function of Vitamin C | Synthesize: Collagen/Hormones/Neurotransmitters/Bile/Caratine, Promotes Iron Absorption, Antioxidant, Regenerates Vitamin E |
| Function of Vitamin B12 | Production of ATP from amino acids, Myelination, Conversion of Methoine from homeocyst |
| Functions of Niacin | Energy Metabolism |
| Functions of Thiamin | Helps break down glucose, needed for neural function, Synthesis of neurotransmitters ribose & deoxyribose |
| Functions of Vitamin K | Production of plasma proteins for clotting, Proteins in bone formation & breakdown |
| Functions of Riboflavin (B2) | Prevent O2 damage, vision, cell energy production, converts folate/niacin/B6/K into active forms. |
| Functions of Pyridoxine (B6) | Neurotransmitters , Myelination, AA metabolism, breakdown of glycogen into glucose, Hemoglobin, synthesize nonessential AA |
| Functions of Vitamin E | Protects lipids by neutralizing reactive O2 throughout the body, defends against heavy metals and toxins. |
| Functions of Folate | Decrease the risk factor of neural tube defects in fetus, Synthesis for DNA dividing cells |
| Functions of Vitamin D | Absorption of Calcium and Phosphorus for maintenance of bone |
| Sources of Vitamin A | All but grains, fish, almonds, Best is carrots/liver/eggs |
| Sources of Vitamin C | Citrus, Broccoli, Strawberries, Cantalope |
| Sources of Vitamin B12 | All meat and Dairy |
| Sources of Niacin | Grains, fish, peanuts,chicken, lentils |
| Sources of Thiamin | Enriched grains, bran contains thiamin, whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes |
| Sources of Vitamin K | Intestinal bacteria, vegetable oil, leafy greens |
| Sources of Riboflavin | Dairy, Oragan, all meats, whole grains, asparagus, broccoli, mushrooms, darks greens, herbs, nuts, |
| Sources of Pyridoxine (B6) | Seeds, chicken, fish, lentils, pork, dairy, Some fruits and vegetables, whole wheat products, enriched foods. |
| Sources of Vitamin E | All food sources, mainly nuts, seeds, plant oils, and fortified foods. |
| Sources of Folate | All food sources, mainly lentils, leafy greens, wheat products, beets |
| Sources of Vitamin D | Egg yolks, liver, fish, fortified dairy, sunlight |
| Results of Deficiency Vitamin A | Night blindness, liver damage, bone fractures, no differentiation in epithelial cells |
| Results of Deficiency Vitamin C | Scurvy |
| Results of Deficiency Vitamin B12 | Pernicious Anemia, Macrolytic Anemia, Degeneration of Myelin, Paralysis, Death |
| Results of Deficiency Niacin (B3) | Fatigue/Low appetite/ indigestion 4D's: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death |
| Results of Deficiency Thiamin | Tachycardia, Weakness, cardiomegaly, nerve degeneration, extreme weakness |
| Results of Deficiency Vitamin K | Hemorrhage |
| Results of Deficiency Riboflavin | Fatigue, slow growth, digestive problems, sores on mouth, swollen tongue |
| Results of Deficiency Pyridoxine (B6) | Lesions, poor growth, heart disease, anemia, neurologic, depression, poor immunity, headache, convulsions, nausea |
| Results of Deficiency Vitamin E | RBC rupture, nerve damage, hemolytic anemia |
| Results of Deficiency Folate | Macrocytic anemia, glossitis, diarrhea, poor growth, neural tube defects, depression, insomnia, mental fatigue, confusion, cells cant divide. |
| Results of Deficiency Vitamin D | Osteoporosis, Osteomalatia, Rickets |
| High Risk Group Vitamin A | pregnant women, acne medication |
| High Risk Group Vitamin C | smokers, malenourished, pirates, pregnant or nursing women |
| High Risk Group Vitamin B12 | vegetarians, elderly, pregnant, gastric bypass patients, |
| High Risk Group Niacin | poverty, malenourished, alcoholics |
| High Risk Group Thiamin | asians eat a lot of white rice, alcoholics |
| High Risk Group Vitamin K | newborns (premature) antibiotics |
| High Risk Group Riboflavin | elderly, ill, birth control, alcoholics, |
| High Risk Group Pyridoxine (B6) | alcoholics, |
| High Risk Group Vitamin E | premature infants, people with poor fat absorption |
| High Risk Group Folate | Pregnant women, poor diet, alcoholics |
| High Risk Group Vitamin D | infants, elderly, dk skin, little sun exposure, people with kidney disease |
| Toxicity Vitamin A | blindness |
| Toxicity Vitamin C | high doses causes diarrhea/nausea/kidney stones, increased iron, interference with blood clotting, worsen sickle cell |
| Toxicity Vitamin B12 | NA |
| Toxicity Niacin | blurred vision/tingling in hands and feet, diarrhea, vomiting, high blood sugar, skin rash, abnormal liver functions. |
| Toxicity Thiamin | NA |
| Toxicity Vitamin K | anemia and brain damage |
| Toxicity Riboflavin | NA - itching, light sensativity |
| Toxicity Pyridoxine (B6) | numbness, nerve damage |
| Toxicity Vitamin E | inhibition of K activity, blood thinners affect |
| Toxicity Folate | insomnia, irritability, GI dysfunction |
| Toxicity Vitamin D | calcium deposits in soft tissue, growth retardation |
| Soluble Vitamin A | fat |
| Soluble Vitamin C | water |
| Soluble Vitamin B12 | water |
| Soluble Niacin | water |
| Soluble Thiamin | water |
| Soluble Vitamin K | fat |
| Soluble Riboflavin | water |
| Soluble Pyridoxine (B6) | water |
| Soluble Vitamin E | fat |
| Soluble Folate | water |
| Soluble Vitamin D | fat |
Created by:
sthomp17
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