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Chapter 5: India
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| varna | the name of a group of people in India, one of four castes of the Hindu social structure |
| caste system | a rigid class system that determined a person's occupation and position in Hindu society |
| Hinduism | a major religion of India that was based on the religious beliefs of the Aryans |
| yoga | a method of training used by the Hindus to lead a person closer to Brahman |
| reincarnation | the rebirth of a person's soul in a different form after that person's death |
| karma | a belief in Hinduism that a person's actions determine how that person will be reborn in the next life |
| dharma | the divine law of Hinduism that requires all people to fulfill their role in society |
| Buddhism | a major religion of India that was started by Siddhartha Gautama in the 6th century B.C. |
| nirvana | the goal of Buddhism is to reach this, the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul, or enlightenment |
| Silk Road | a trade route between the Roman Empire and China, in which silk was the main good traded |
| pilgrim | a person who travels to a holy place |
| Vedas | early Indian literature that contained religious songs, chants, and stories and formed the basis of the Hindu religion |
| Brahmins | the highest varna of the caste system which was made up of priests and learned professions |
| Kshatriyas | the second varna of the caste system which was made up of warriors, landowners, and nobles |
| Vaisyas | the third varna of the caste system which was made up of merchants and farmers |
| Sudras | the last varna of the caste system which was made up of peasants, artisans, and laborers |
| Untouchables | people who were viewed as so impure that they were not even part of the caste system and had to do degrading tasks, such as collect garbage |
| Aryans | Hinduism is based off the religious beliefs of these people, who settled in India around 1500 B.C. |
| Siddhartha Gautama | he set out to understand suffering and become enlightened and was later known as the Buddha |
| Four Noble Truths | the main teachings of Buddhism |
| Eightfold Path | Also known as the Middle Path; it consists of eight steps to end suffering and reach enlightenment |
| Mauryan Empire | this Indian empire was started by Candragupta Maurya and began around 324 B.C. |
| Asoka | he is remembered as the most powerful Mauryan leader and is known for his kindness, support of Buddhism and strong leadership |
| Kushan Empire | this empire was started by nomadic warriors in the 1st century A.D. and benefited significantly from trade |
| Gupta Empire | this empire was stared by Candra Gupta in 320 and became the main political force in India |
| Mahabharata | a great Indian epic poem that describes a war between cousins over control of a kingdom |
| Ramayana | an account of the fictional ruler Rama, with had strong moral and religious lessons |
| Vishnu | one of three main gods of Hinduism, known as the Preserver |
| Shiva | one of three main gods of Hinduism, known as the Destroyer |
| Brahma | one of three main gods of Hinduism, known as the Creator |
| Bhagavad Gita | part of the Mahabharata, which is a sermon by the god Krishna |
| Sanskrit | the language the Vedas were written in |
| Ganges River | Because of changes in the rivers of western India, Indian civilization began to be focused around this river |
Created by:
Mrs. Marquardt
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