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Stephen Bowens
Population Key Issue 2 (DTM) Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Demographic Transition Model (DTM) | a model to explain the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates |
| Industrial | of, relating to, or characterized by industry |
| Industrial Revolution | a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s |
| Crude Birth Rate | the number of births occurring among the population of a given area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given area during the same year |
| Crude Death Rate | the number of deaths occurring among the population of a given area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given area during the same year |
| Natural Increase Rate | the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate of a population |
| Total Fertility Rate | the average number of children a woman would have were she to fast forward through all her childbearing years in a single year, under all the age specific fertility rates for that year |
| Infant Mortality Rate | an estimate of the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births |
| Zero Population Growth | the extension of a population at a constant level by limiting the number of live births to only what is needed to replace the existing population |
| Primary Economic Activity | those activities where natural resources are extracted from the earth |
| Infrastructure | the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise |
| Subsistence Farming | arming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus for marketing |
| Agricultural Production | is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs |
| Replacement Babies | when a child is born into a family that has suffered such a loss, there is concern that the new child might be useful in his or her development |
| Famine | extreme scarcity of food |
| Epidemic | a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time |
| Pandemic | (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world |
| Agricultural Revolution | a time when human getting help from plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering |
| Mechanization | the process of doing work with machinery |
| The Medical Revolution | medical technology that is spread to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa, so that improved medical practices could eliminated many traditional causes of death and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives |
| Phenomenon | a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question. |
| Health Care | the maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health, especially through the provision of medical services. |
| Outliers | a person or thing situated away or detached from the main body or system. |
| Family Planning | the practice of controlling the number of children in a family and the intervals between their births, particularly by means of artificial contraception or voluntary fix. |
| Contraceptives | a device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy. |
| Economics | the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth. |
| Politics | the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power. |
| Sociocultural | combining social and cultural factors. |
| Advantageous | involving or creating favorable circumstances that increase the chances of success or effectiveness; beneficial. |
| Alleviate | make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe. |
| Stabilization | a macroeconomic strategy enacted by governments and central banks to keep economic growth stable, along with price levels and unemployment. |
| Education | the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university. |
| Primary Education | the first stage of formal education in a range of basic subjects. |
| Secondary Education | may be called high schools, gymnasium, lyceums, middle schools, sixth-form, sixth-form colleges, vocational schools, or preparatory schools, and the exact meaning of any of these varies between the countries. |
| Higher Education | education beyond high school, especially at a college or university. |
| Gender Empowerment | measuring inequality between genders. |
| Integrated | combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole. |
| Doubling Time | a number of years needed for double population. |
| Replacement Level in Terms of CBR | total fertility rate where women give births to enough babies to terrain the population. |
| Age Dependency Ratio | the ratio of dependents people younger than 15 or older than 64 to the working age population those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. |
| Baby Boomers | a person born in the years following World War II, when there was a temporary marked increase in the birth rate. |
| Indicative | serving as a sign or indication of something. |
| Urbanization | the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas. |
| Negative Population Growth | a membership organization in the United States, founded in 1972. NPG works on overpopulation issues and advocates a gradual reduction in U.S. and world population. |
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