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World History
"The Renaissance" Topic 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Humanism | the Renaissance intellectual movement that studied classical cultures to increase understanding of their own times |
| Humanities | subjects such as grammar, poetry, rhetoric, and history |
| Francesco Petrarch | Florentine humanist, poet, and scholar who assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts to encourage learning |
| Perspective | the artistic technique that allows an artist to portray depth and three-dimensional qualities by making distant objects smaller |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | artist, scientist, and inventor best known for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper and sketches of inventions such as flying machines |
| Michelangelo | artist; created sculpture of David and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel |
| Raphael | painter; blended Christian and classical styles; famous works include The School of Athens and his portrayals of the Madonna |
| Niccolò Machiavelli | wrote The Prince, describing how to rule in an age of ruthless power politics |
| Martin Luther | the German monk who triggered the revolt against the Roman Catholic church in 1517 |
| Charles V | the Holy Roman emperor who ordered Luther to recant his 95 Theses |
| John Calvin | a reformer who preached predestination and living a saintly life |
| Johannes Gutenberg | German blacksmith who invented the movable printing press. This started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch religious scholar who called for the translation of the Bible into the vernacular |
| Thomas More | English humanist who described an ideal society in Utopia |
| Indulgences | in the Roman Catholic Church, pardons for sins committed during a person’s life |
| Henry VIII | king of England; caused England to break away from the Catholic Church |
| Council of Trent | appointed by the pope in 1545; over 20 years, advised about reforms to answer the Protestant challenge |
| John Calvin | a reformer who preached predestination and living a saintly life |
| Predestination | The idea that God had predetermined who would gain salvation |
| Theocracy | a government run by religious leaders |
| Scientific Revolution | A period of scientific thinking that helped bring an end to Europe's medieval past |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish scholar that proposed the heliocentric theory, or sun centered universe |
| Johannes Kepler | German astronomer that used data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun |
| Galileo | Italian inventor and astronomer that assembled the first telescope. He also realized that Copernicus's theory was accurate |
| Rene Descartes | Frenchman that promoted human reasoning through a search for provable knowledge. |
| Isaac Newton | English scientist that formed the brilliant theory which explained why the planets moved as they did. His theory relied on the idea of gravity. |
Created by:
Mr. Peirce
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