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Week2Evolution
Edit Teri's stack
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| _________ and _____ names form the scientific name of an organism | genus and species |
| In the scientific name of an organism, genus name is ____________ and species name is ________. Both are either ____________ or __________ | capitalized, lower case, underlined or in italics |
| Evolution | Change over time |
| Natural Selection | the process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates |
| Who was Darwin? | Wealthy British Physician, ideas about theory of evolution, first to theorize natural selection |
| Darwin believed in _________ of a species by descent and natural selection | modification |
| Analogous structures are similar in ________ and ________ | appearance and function |
| What Phylum are we? | Chordata |
| Our subphylum? | Vertebrata |
| Our class? | Mammalia |
| Our order? | Primates |
| Does evolution happen on demand? | no |
| Is natural selection a perfecting mechanism? | no |
| 2 categories of what creatures become when environments change | specialist and generalist |
| frequency change of a particular trait as you move geographically from one point to another | clinal distribution |
| descent with modification from a single common ancestor or ancestral population | evolution |
| mixing of genetic material that results from the movement of individuals and groups from place to place. | gene flow |
| changes in the frequencies of specific traits caused by random factors. | genetic drift |
| a group of similar species | genus |
| pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of human beings, as well as many other species, that is responsible for variations in color | melanin |
| random change in genetic material; the ultimate source of all biological variation | mutation |
| mechanism of evolutionary change: changes in traits of living organisms that occur over time as a result of differences in reproductive success among individuals | natural selection |
| childhood disease characterized by the softening and bending of leg and pelvis bones; related to insufficiency of vitamin D and/or calcium | rickets |
| theory that the evolution of certain traits can be explained by competition for opportunities to mate | sexual selection |
| group of organisms whose members are similar to one another and are able to reproduce within their group but not with members of other groups | species |
| evolution is a __ of populations, not individual organisms | characteristic |
| For a change to be evolutionary in a biological sense, it must affect the __ we pass on to next generations | genes |
| Evolution is the primary way we understand the __ history of humanity, and all life | biological |
| biological anthropology fits into cultural anthropology because human behavior rests on a | biological base |
| language, two-legged stance, & need to reproduce are all __ __ that are basic to human culture | evolved traits |
| understanding human's evolutionary history is important to cultural anthropologists because it informs us about the things that all humans _______ | have in common |
| Coevolution | Cases where 2 or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution such as if a plant's morphology changes and animal that eats it is affected because certain traits are then favored. |
| Mutations are the __ __ of all variation | ultimate source |
| Speciation | Process by which a new species forms |
| What's the difference between micro and macroevolution? | Microevolution is at the species level and macroevolution above the species level. |
| Darwin gave __ & __ prominent roles in his theory | competition; struggle |
| "Fitness" as used by biologists | Refers to how good a particular genotype is at leaving offspring in the next generation. If more brown beetles are in the next generation than green one then brown beetles have higher fitness |
| Genotype | The set of genes an organism has. Can refer to entire genome or just to particular alleles. Contrast with phenotype. |
| Phenotype | observable appearance as opposed to genotype |
| Allele | Version of a gene and expressed in pairs such as Yy where Y is yellow allele and dominant color and y is green allele and recessive color. |
| Darwin understood evolution by natural selection as a slow, steady, __ process | continuous |
| Recessive gene version | In this gene version a trait is expressed only if the gene is paired with an identical version. Thus if Y is yellow and dominant and y is green and recessive then a pea is green only if both alleles for color are green or yy. |
| Dominant gene version | In this gene version a trait is expressed if the gene is paired with an identical version or non-identical one. Thus if Y is yellow and dominant and y is green and recessive then a pea is yellow if the allele pair for color is YY or Yy. |
| Lamarck | Law of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics |
| It is biologically __ to say that humans evolved from apes/monkeys & leads to ___ of evolution | inaccurate; misunderstanding |
| No creature can be more __ than another | evolved |
| Biological scientists agree on basic principles of evolution/natural selection, but argue about __ of evolution & precise __ under which it occurs | speed; conditions |
| Mendel | established our understanding of heredity |
| Theory in science | Though it cannot be proved true, a theory is supported by decades of scientific research. |
| Name the four mechanisms of evolution. | Mutation, gene flow (migration), genetic drift, and natural selection. |
| Acclimatization | Refers to human adaptations to environmental stresses that are reversible such as getting a tan in the summer. |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | An alternative model of evolution that proposes long periods of little change with short periods of very rapid, major change. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid=set of instructions or blueprint for how an organism is built. The DNA molecule carries genetic information from generation to generation. Genes are segments of DNA. |
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