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test #3
Stack #166434
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Long bones | Longer than wide, femur, humerus, fibula, tibia, radius, ulna ( arms and legs) |
| Short bones | cube shaped (wrist/ankle)(carpal/tarsal) |
| Flat bones | thin surface for muscle attatchment, cranial bones,sternum, ribs |
| Irregular bones | complex shapes, facial bones, vertebrae |
| Diaphysis | shaft |
| Epiphysis | ends |
| Metaphysis | where ends join shaft |
| Articular cartilage | hyaline cartilage |
| Periosteum | outer cover around bone |
| Endosteum | lines inside of cavity |
| Medullary cavity | cavity inside with yellow marrow |
| Osseous tissue | matrix is 25% collagen, 50% mineral salts |
| Osteoblasts | bone building cells, become osteocytes as build matrix around themselves |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cell, no cell division, maintain bone |
| Osteoclasts | cells to reabsorb bone, in the endosteum lysosomal enzyme |
| Haversian system | Osteon, units of bone tissue, has Haversian (central) canal that runs longitudinally down center |
| Volkmann"s canals | transverse canals, has artery vein, nerve and lymph connect to meduallry cavity, periosteum at Haversian canals |
| Concentric lamellae | hard rings of calcified bone around c anal |
| Lacunae | space between lamellae, contain osteocytes |
| Canaliculi | channels raidiating out from lacunae, have extra celluar fluid and connect with each other, contain process of osteocytes |
| Trabeculae | lattice of thin column of bone, red marrow in spaces and osteocytes |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone, negative feedback loop, stimulates osteroclasts for bone reabsorption to release Ca++ inton blood, promotes absorption of Ca++ in gut and decreased loss from kidneys |
| Calcitonin | made by thyroid, keeps Ca++ in bone, inhibits osteoclasts |
| Thyroid hormones | promote normal bone growth |
| Insulin | secreted by pancreas, promote normal bone growth |
| HGH | from pituitary, promote growth of all tissues, including bone (human growth hormone) |
| IGFs | from liver, stimulated by HGH, promote tissue repair and bone growth (insulin-like growth factors) |
| Minerals | Ca & P to calcify matrix, Ma - support of osteocytes |
| Vitamins | V + A osteoblasts too much slows growth repair, Vit. C & collagen, matrix Vit. D for Ca absorption. too much is bone loss |
| Sutures | joints between skull |
| Fontanelles | soft spots on infants head (anterior, posterior,2 sphenoid, 2 mastiod) 12-18 months |
| Kyphosis | anterior concave, posterior convex, normal in thoraic spine |
| Lordosis | anterior convex, posterior concave, normal in cervical and lumbar spine |
| Synarthrosis | immovable |
| Amphiarthrosis | slightly moveable |
| Diarthrosis | freely moveable |
| Fibrous joints | little/no movement |
| Suture (fiberous joints) | fiberous, synarthrosis, skull |
| Syndesmosis | tibial/fibular joint, amphiarthrosis |
| Gomphosis | peg in socket, (tooth) immoveable |
| Synchondrosis | epiphyseal plate, hyaline cartilage, immoveable |
| symphysis | broad flat fibrocartilage, IVD, pubic symphysis |
| Synovial cavity | . |
| Articular cartilage | . |
| Articular capsule | . |
| Ligaments | . |
| Fibrous capsule (outer layer) | . |
| Articular fat pad | . |
| Synovial membrane (inner layer) | . |
| Synovial fluid | . |
| Articular discs/menisci | . |
| Protraction/retraction | pull forward and back, shoulder, jaw |
| Inversion/eversion | at the foot, inversion is sole face in, eversion is sole face out |
| Dorsi/plantar flexion | at the ankle, point toes is plantar flex, pull toes towards head is dorsi flex |
| Pronation/supination | at the arm, pronate is palm down, supinate is palm up |
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Created by:
vanessamay21
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