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AP Human Unit 1
Vocab for Unit 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Geography | The study of the Earth |
Human Geography | how human's are affected by the Earth's surface |
Physical Geography | natural features of the Earth |
map | a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it |
place | a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic |
region | an area distinguished by features |
scale | generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole |
space | the physical gap of interval between two objects |
cartography | the science of making maps |
projection | a system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map |
GIS | a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |
remote sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite |
GPS | a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth by satellites |
toponym | place name |
site | the physical character of a place (climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, elevation) |
situation | relative location |
meridians | lines of longitude |
parallels | lines of latitude; parallel to each other |
longitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east to west of the prime meridians |
latitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator |
Greenwich Mean Time | the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian or 0 degrees longitude |
International Dateline | an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude. when you go toward America the clock goes back 24 hours, toward Asia the clock moves ahead 24 hours |
cultural landscape | landscape formed by a culture |
formal region | (uniform/homogeneous) an an area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
functional region | (nodal) an area organized around a node or focal point |
vernacular region | (perceptual) an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity |
mental map | a representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located |
environmental determinism | the physical environment caused human activities |
possibilism | the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions |
resources | a substance in the environment that is useful to people |
globalization | actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope |
transnational corporations | a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located |
distribution | the arrangement of something across Earth's surface |
density | number of things per area |
concentration | how packed together people are |
pattern | the arrangement of something in a study area |
space-time compression | the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems |
distance decay | increase in distance, decrease in importance |
diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time |
hearth | the region from which innovative ideas originate |
relocation diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
expansion diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process |
hierarchical diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places |
contagious diffusion | the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population |
stimulus diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected |
sustainability | the use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future |
cultural ecology | emphasizes human-environment relationships |