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PMI A&P
PMI A&P Questions/Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart? | Pericardium |
| What are the upper chambers of the heart called? | Atria (plural) Atrium (singular) |
| What are the lower chambers of the heart called? | Ventricles |
| What carries the blood away from the heart? | Ateries (A for away) |
| What carries the deoxygenated blood into or towards the heart? | Veins ('in' for veIN) |
| What connects the arteries to the capillaries? | Arterioles |
| What connects the veins to the capillaries? | Venules |
| What is a normal BP? | 120/80 |
| What part of the heart determines the top number of a BP? | Atrium |
| What part of the heart determines the bottom number of a BP? | Ventricles |
| What do the capillaries do? | Connect arterioles and venules |
| What value is the top number of a BP? | Systolic |
| What value is the bottom number of a BP? | Diastolic |
| What does the heart do when determining the systole? | Contracts |
| What does the heart do when determining the diastole? | Relaxes |
| What does the "ic" in systolic and diastolic values mean? | Numerical |
| What is a normal heart rate for adults? | 60-100 BPM (beats per minute) |
| What is the average heart rate for an adult? | 72 BPM |
| What is the brain of a cell? | Nucleus |
| What is another name for the cell membrane? | Plasma membrane |
| What part of the cell house deoxyribonucleic acid? | Organelles |
| What is the free space in a cell where fluid travels? | Cytoplasma |
| How many layers of a vein? | 3 |
| What is the outermost layer of a vein called? | Tunica Externa (Adventia) |
| What is the middle layer of a vein called? | Tunica Median |
| What is the innermost layer of a vein called? | Tunica Interna (Intima) |
| What is the hollow space within a hose, needle, straw, or vein where fluid flows? | Lumen |
| What do we as Phlebotomists want to do when sticking a vein? | Want to pierce all 3 layers to the lumen |
| How many components is blood comprised of? | 4 |
| What are red blood cells called? | Erythrocytes |
| What are the white blood cells called? | Leukocytes |
| What are the platelets called? | Thrombocytes |
| What is plasma made up of? | 90% water 10% protein |
| What are the layers within a tube of blood? | Top: Plasma Middle: Buffycoat Bottom: Blood |
| What is the buffycoat made up of? | Leukocytes and platelets |
| What purpose does the buffycoat act as? | A barrier separating the blood and plasma |
| What is a fancy word for bruise? | Hematoma |
| What is the most suitable area for venipuncture? | Antecubital Fossa |
| Myocardial Infarction is a fancy word for what? | Heart attack |
| The main difference between arterial and venous blood is what? | The amount of oxygen |
| What component of red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen? | Hemoglobin |
| What body system is responsible for the survival of species? | Reproductive |
| What body system is the immune system? | Lymphatic |
| What body system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients? | Digestive |
| What body system is the pathway for oxygen into the body? | Respiratory |
| What body system is the bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage? | Skeletal |
| What body system controls and coordinates body functions? | Nervous |
| What body system maintains posture and produces heat? | Muscular |
| What body system contains ductless glands that secrete hormones? | Endocrine |
| What body system is the largest organ and regulates body temperature? | Integumentary |
| What body system transports nutrients and wastes to cells? | Circulatory - Cardiovascular |
| What body system filters waste products from blood? | Urinary |
| What are the smallest living unit of a human body? | Cell |
| Which blood type is the universal donor? | O- |
| Which blood type is the universal recipient? | AB+ |
| Blood that is in the same form as when it travels throughout the body is what? | Whole blood |
| What is prone position? | Laying face down |
| What is the supine position? | Laying face up (remember 'up' is in sUPine) |
| When the body is standing erect with the arms at the side, palms, face, and head turned facing forward is what position? | Anatomical position |
| What is it called when the body is in a complete balance and equilibrium? | Homeostasis |
| What are the 5 components of a complete blood count (CBC)? | Erythrocytes; Leukocytes; Thrombocytes; Hematocrit; Hemoglobin |
| What are the three parts of the antecubital fossa that as phlebotomists we can go? | Median vein; Cephalic vein; Basilic vein |
| Where does the cephalic vein lay on the arm? | Along the thumb side (remember you can make a C with your thumb and index finger) |
| Where does the basilic vein lay on the arm? | Along the pinky finger side |
| What is the first choice vein we should use? Why? | Median; Because it is well anchored, tends to be less painful, not as close to major arteries and nerves, so it is safest |
| What is the second choice vein we should use? Why? | Cephalic; Because it is easily accessible, well anchored, less likely to roll, not close to major arteries and nerves, less painful |
| What is the third choice vein we should use? Why? | Basilic; Because it is more painful and more likely to bruise, closer to major arteries and nerves, doesn't anchor well and rolls easily |
| Regardless of order of veins, what vein should we use during venipuncture? | What FEELS best; best palpate |
| What cells are most numerous in the blood and main function is to carry oxygen? | Erythrocytes |
| Skeletal, visceral, and cardiac are types of what? | Muscles |
| What elements are first on scene of an injury and are essential in coagulation? | Platelets |
| What is the abbreviation for aspartate aminotransferase? | AST |
| Which blood type is the least common? | AB |
| What is the process that coverts simple compounds into complex substances to carry out cellular activities? | Anabolism |
| What body cavity are the spinal and cranial cavities in? | Dorsal |
| Are the walls of the left ventricles nearly three times as thick as the right ventricle because of the force needed to pump blood inter the arterial system? | Yes |
| What body plane divides the body into right and left portions? | Sagittal |
| What system produces gametes? | Reproductive |
| What is the thick outer layer that is continuous with the lining of the pericardium? | Epicardium |
| GTT, bilirubin, and fecal fat is a diagnostic test for what system? | Digestive |
| What chamber of the heart receives oxygen poor blood from the body? | Right atrium |
| What in the skin gives rise to fingerprints? | Papillae |
| Which body plane divides the body into top and bottom portions? | Transverse |
| What is a major cause of respiratory distress in infant and young children? | Respiratory syncytial virus |
| What body system maintains the electrolyte balance? | Urinary |
| Creatinine clearance is a test for what body system? | Urinary |
| ABGs is a test for what body system? | Respiratory |
| What does "distal" mean? | Farthest from the point of attachment |
| When facing someone in a normal anatomical position, which body plane are you looking at? | Frontal |
| What layers of skin contain blood vessels? | Dermis and subcutaneous |
| What does avascular mean? | Without blood vessels |
| What layer of skin is avascular? | Epidermis |
| What type of tissue covers and lines organs, vessels, and cavities? | Epithelial |
| What is a dangerous condition where the patient's pH decreases? | Acidosis |
| What is the study of the function of the body and its organs called? | Physiology |
| What type of metabolism breaks down complex substances into simple substances? | Catabolism |
| What heart specific hormone is released when there is too much pressure or fluid? | B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) |
| What gland is also known as the "master gland?" | Pituitary gland |
| What is a tuft of capillaries located in the kidney that filters the blood for the urinary system? | Glomerulus |
| What is the study of tissues? | Histology |
| What is the study of cells and organelles? | Cytology |
| What is the anterior direction? | Facing forward or toward the front |
| What is the posterior direction? | Facing backward or towards the rear |
| What is the dorsal direction? | Posterior, towards the spine |
| What is the inferior direction? | Below |
| What is the superior direction? | Towards the top or above |
| What are the 2 major body cavities? | Dorsal and ventral (frontal) |
| What cavities are in the dorsal cavity? | Cranial (brain) and vertebral (spinal cord) |
| What cavities are in the ventral cavity? | Thoracic (lungs), Pericardial (heart), Abdominal (digestive organs), and Pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs) |
| What is the sagittal plane? | Extends vertical and divides the body into right and left (mid-sagittal - equal R & L portions) |
| What is the front plane? | Extends vertically and dives the body into front and back portions; also known as dorsal and ventral; anterior and posterior |
| What is the transverse plane? | Plane creates a cross section and divides the body into upper and lower sections; horizontal |
| What does palpate mean? | assess by feel or touch |
| What are we looking for when we palpate? | Size of vein; depth of vein; direction of vein |
| What is the breakdown/destruction of blood? | Hemolysis |
| What are the reasons for hemolysis? (card 1/2) | 1) Tourniquet time (1 minute or less) 2) Shaking the tube instead of inverting it 3) Not allowing the antiseptic to dry 4) Pumping/clenching patient's fist |
| What are the reasons for hemolysis? (card 2/2) | 5) Long transport time (15-30 minutes) 6) Excessive heat 7) Wrong size needle used 8) Pushing/pulling too fast on syringe 9) Travel time through butterfly |
| What is the clumping of erythrocytes? | Agglutination |
| Who won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for blood typing? | Karl Landsteiner |
| What does hemostasis mean? | Stoppage of blood after an injury; process of coagulation |
Created by:
rainie529
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