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Prophets OT2
Allison's Intro to OT 2 flashcards for the Prophets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Former Prophets | Joshua-2 Kings |
| Latter Prophets | Both Major and Minor Prophets; Isaiah - Malachi |
| Nabi | prophet; one who is called by God |
| Ro'eh | Seer, diviner, prophet |
| Mari Tablets | Describe Prophets form another culture/religion |
| "Religion" (VanGemeren) | Manipulation, divination, realpolitik, vox populi |
| "Revelation" (VanGemeren) | Submission, divine guidance, divine wisdom, counterculture |
| RealPolitik | power politics - anything to maintain or enhance life |
| Vox Populi | voice of the people, softens the radical nature nature of faith in favor of popular expectations |
| VanGemeren's marks of a prophet | 1 Israelite 2 Called by God 3 Empowered by the HS 4 God's spokesperson 5 authority in speaking for God 6 good shepherd like Moses 7 might give a "sign" |
| Ecstatic Prophecy | overcome by one single idea or feeling, losing touch with the normal world for a moment. |
| foretelling | expressing a future reality which has already been determined or known by God |
| forth-telling | preaching God's truth - often by describing God's past actions in history |
| 4 "rolls" of the prophets where? | 3 for Major and 1 for Minor |
| 3 main types of prophetic speech | Announcement of Salvation Judgment against Individual Judgment against Nation |
| Apocalypse | revelation mediated by an otherworldly being to a human, telling of another reality in time and space |
| Time of Isaiah | 735-700 BC |
| Prophet used the most in the NT | Isaiah |
| Traditional Authorship of Isaiah | Isaiah wrote it |
| Duhm's contributions to Isaiah | 3rd division of Isaiah (56-66) "Servant Songs" became another source 24-27 became another source |
| Divisions of Isaiah or non-traditional view of authorship | 1-39 period of Isaiah (pre-exile) 40-55 Babylonian exile 56-66 Post-exile Jerusalem |
| Williamson's arguments against single authorship | 1 setting varies considerably 2 messages of various parts are different 3 NT references to Isaiah are to the book and not the prophet |
| Arguments for traditional authorship | 1 viewpoint of 40-66 an ideal one (not real) 2 different messages are woven together at the end 3 Idolatry is consistently Canaanite in nature suggesting pre-exilic time |
| Major Theological Themes in Isaiah | God, Justice and Righteousness |
| Time of Jeremiah | 627 BC until 586 BC according to the superscription |
| Genres found in Jeremiah | Oracles of Disaster Disputations Proclamations of Salvation Symbolic Actions Visions Dirges Laments |
| LXX Jeremiah | another stage in the development of the book (before what is our English Version) |
| Theological Themes in Jeremiah | 1 Israel's receipt of covenant 2 Israel's obligations of lifestyle and worship 3 Israel's irresponsibility 4 Israel's rejection by God 5 God's promise of renewal |
| Purposes of the Book | Telling Why (Exile) Hermeneutical Asides Babylonian Religion condemned Warnings Trajectory of Hope |
| Traditional author of Lamentations | Jeremiah (perhaps through Baruch) |
| non-traditional authorship of Lamentations | Editors/scribes |
| Traditional time of writing | 586-520 BC |
| Literary Features of Lamentations | Personification of the city and structures Different voices in dialogue Acrostics (1-4) |
| Theological Themes of Lamentations | Suffering and Redemption Zion and Retribution |
| Ezekiel Traditional Author | Ezekiel |
| Non-Traditional Author Ezekiel | Series of editors/scribes down to Greek times |
| "modern" interpretations of Ezekiel often attempt to do this | Diagnosis of his Psychological Condition |
| Arguments for Ezekiel 6th century author | 1) proper descriptions of Babylon 2 language fits the 6th century 3 oracles reflect a person in trauma 4 apocalyptic imagery fits other Persian texts 5 reasonable to assume narrator = author |
| Ezekiel non-traditional authorship | 1 original book (500-485) 2 Deutero-Ezekiel reworking (400-300) 3 cultic law redaction (300) |
| Parallels with the Pentateuch | could signal 1) "D" revision; 2) Inner-Biblical Exegesis (prophet new of earlier text) |
| Basic Message of Ezekiel | God's holiness and power |
| Date of Daniel | Traditional: 6th-5th BC Other: Greek (Maccabean) 167ish BC |
| What language is Daniel written in? | Both Hebrew and Aramaic |
| Daniel's structure is called a what? | Chiasm |
| Name a few Greek additions to Daniel | Prayer of Azariah Song of the 3 young men Susanna Bel and the Dragon |
| Genres found in Daniel | Court Tales, Visions, Prophecy and Apocalypse |
| Some Interpretive Issues in Daniel | Four Empires and Small Horn "One like the Son of Man" Seventy Sevens |
| Daniel is about | Human and Divine Sovereignty; and Human and Divine Faithfulness; plus Angelology |
| Which order of the 12 do English readers follow? | Hebrew Order |
| Significance of Hebrew Order of 12 | Loosely chronological |
| Traditional Date of Hosea | before 745 BC |
| Imagery in Hosea | marriage to a woman of harlotry |
| In Hosea what is the sin of Israel? | Baalism, not worshiping YAHWEH alone |
| Hosea was a contemporary of what Prophet? | Isaiah |
| Traditional Author of Joel | Joel (1:1) |
| Occasion of Joel | Locust Plague that devastated the land |
| Date of Joel | Traditional: before Exile Non-Traditional - really anytime |
| Structure of Joel | Double Chiasm |
| Major Interpretive Issue in Joel | Locusts or Soldiers in Chapter 2? |
| Date of Amos | about 750 BC |
| International Scene at Amos' time | Judah provided a buffer between Israel and Egypt Nations to the North were concerned with Assyria. Israel regained some territory |
| Primary Theological Themes in Amos | 1) Divine Punishment; 2) Call to seek God; 3) Call to live ethically |
| Pentateuch law mentioned by Amos | taking one's cloak in pledge |
| Social Sins in Amos's time | Baalism to secure personal advancement Taking advantage of the poor |
| Main point of Obadiah | Edom will be judged |
| Traditional time/author of Obadiah | early 8th century BC, Obadiah from 1 Ki 18 |
| Obadiah has parallels to what other book | Jeremiah 49 |
| Obadiah's theological themes | Universal Rule of God, Abrahamic Covenant; Israel's prophets presented as messengers of the Divine Warrior |
| Traditional author/date Jonah | 700s BC by Jonah |
| Distinctive about Jonah as a prophetic book? | Jonah runs, does not obey at first. |
| Genre? | Traditional: Historical Narrative Other: type of parable Ancient: Allegorical |
| Message of Jonah | Don't be like Jonah; God has ultimate power and even has compassion on his enemies |
| What Prophet was a contemporary of Micah? | Isaiah |
| Conditions during Micah's prophecy? | Assyrians aggressively on the move |
| Where is Micah referred to? | Jer 26:18-19 |
| Theological Message of Malachi | 1 Election 2 Land as Inheritance 3 God alone 4 Conditional Possession 5 Just Rule |
| Traditional Date Malachi | 750-700 BC |
| Nation/City addressed in Nahum? | Assyria/Nineveh |
| Assyrian King who made Nineveh important? | Sennacherib |
| Date/Authorship of Nahum | Traditional: 663-612 BC/Nahum |
| Theological Themes in Nahum | Nature of God, judgment on opposition, God as victor |
| Distinctive about Habakkuk? | Vision is a dialogue with God |
| Author/Date Habakkuk? | 615-590 BC (perhaps 605) |
| Main concern in the book? | How long will they have to wait for God's help against the violence? |
| Contemporary of Habakkuk | Zephaniah, Jeremiah, maybe Nahum |
| Time of Zephaniah? | about 621 BC |
| What is unique about Zephaniah's superscription? | His genealogy goes back to king Hezekiah |
| What parts of Genesis are alluded to? | The flood in Gen 6-7 |
| What special feature of the Day of the Lord is recorded in Zephaniah? | The remnant who has favor from God includes GENTILES |
| Date of Haggai | Before 2nd temple finished 520 BC |
| Main concerns of Haggai | 1 rebuilding of God's house; 2 purification; 3 future glorification, 4 David's line |
| Structure of sections in Haggai | 1) introductory formula 2) Dramatic Conflict 3) Divine Challenge to obedience and faith 4) declaration of promise |
| How many night visions in Zechariah? | eight night visions |
| recorded dates in Zechariah's ministry? | Z 1:1 = 520BC Z 7:1 = 518BC |
| Who was Zechariah's contemporary? | Haggai which also deals with temple. |
| Authorship of Zechariah? | Traditional: Zechariah wrote it all before 500 BC Non-Traditional: usually 1-8 considered to be from Zechariah during 500s BC, and 9-14 redacted as late as 2nd century BC. |
| Themes of Zechariah | Centrality of Jerusalem; Future inclusion of Gentiles; the coming messianic shoot |
| Malachi means? | my messenger |
| Date/authorship of Malachi? | Traditional: Malachi wrote 475-450 Non-Traditional: anonymous prophet around 450BC |
| Why does Malachi address marriage? | Priests had inter-married against Torah |
| Themes in Malachi? | 1) God is their father 2) return to right worship 3) right relationship in marriage 4) right relationships in community 5) right giving to God |
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JustinAllison
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