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HlTH ch.15
nervous system and psychological disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PNS | various nerves and nerve masses that connect the brain and spinal cord with receptors muscles and glands |
| afferent | conveys information from the CNS to muscles and glands |
| efferent | conveys information form the receptors to the CNS |
| neurons | conduct impulses either to or from the CNS |
| neuroglia | provide special support and protection |
| glio | neuroglia or a sticky substance |
| axons are surrounded by ? | white lipid covering called a myelin sheath |
| synaptic bulb | releases a chemical neurotransmitter that inhibits or enhances a nervous impulse |
| acetylcholine | muscle contraction |
| sensory neurons | transmit nerve impulses toward the spinal cord and the brain |
| motor neurons | transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord |
| meninges and circulating cerebrospinal fluid | protect brain and spinal cord |
| sub/dural | area between the dura mater and arachnoid |
| myelo | spinal cord (sometimes bone marrow) |
| cerebrum is concerned with the? | interpretation of impulses and all voluntary muscle activities |
| the two cerebral hemispheres are divided by? | a longitudinal fissure |
| convoluted layer of gray matter | cerebral cortex |
| the lobe deep within the brain | insula |
| sciatic nerve | two nerves bound together by a common sheath of connective tissue; largest nerve in the body |
| intra/thecal | within a sheath or the spinal canal |
| cavities in the brain that produce CSF are called? | cerebral ventricles |
| receptors | sensory nerve endings that respond to stimulation |
| autonomic system is composed of what two divisions? | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| activation of the sympathetic division causes | fight or flight |
| parasympathetic division | counter acts fight or flight |
| Cholinergenic fibers release? | acetylcholine |
| Adrenergic fibers release | epinephrine |
| chemo/receptors | nose and tongue |
| anosmia | loss or impairment of smell |
| dacryo | tear |
| kerato | cornea; hard, horny |
| iro, irido | iris |
| the eyelids as well as the anterior portion or the sclera are lined with a mucus membrane called? | conjunctiva |
| another name for lacrimal sac is? | dacryo/cyst |
| retina | innermost layer of the eye that contains photoreceptors |
| optic nerve | carries nervous impulses to the cerebrum and enables vision |
| cochlea | contain receptors for hearing |
| semicircular canals | sense of balance |
| -alesia | sensitivity to pain |
| -esthesia | sensitivity to pain |
| -astheina | weakness |
| -lexia | words, phrases |
| paresthesia | subjective sensation of numbness and tingling |
| cluster headaches | intense unilateral pain that do not last long |
| dys/arthria | difficult, poorly articulated speech, usually caused by damage to a central or peripheral motor nerve |
| cerebral vascular accident | stroke, insufficient oxygen to the brain tissue caused by hemorrhage, occlusion, vaso spasm or constriction of blood vessels |
| ischemic strokes | inadequate blood flow to brain caused by partial or complete occlusion of a cerebral artery |
| transient ischemic attack | caused by a brief interruption in cerebral blood flow. Symptoms include dizziness, weakness and numbness, disturbance of vision |
| thrombotic strokes | caused by plaque deposits that build up on the interior of a cerebral artery |
| embolic strokes | caused by cerebral embolus, plug of matter (usually blood clot) |
| diplegia | paralysis of similar parts on both sides of the body |
| bells palsy | facial paralysis that affects one side of the face |
| cerebral palsy | motor function disorder caused by permanent non progressive brain defect present at birth |
| huntington chorea | hereditary disorder, symptoms include jerky movements and mental changes |
| poliomyelitis | viral, attacks the gray matter of spinal cord and parts of the brain. Can be prevented by immunization |
| tetanus | toxin that attacks the nervous system and results in muscle rigidity and spasms, AKA lock jaw |
| morton neuroma | benign tumor composed of neurons and fibers that occur in the foot |
| parkinson disease | affects motor ability; muscle rigidity, brady kinesia and tremor |
| multiple sclerosis | myelin sheath deteriorates, replaced with scar tissue that interferes with the transmission of nerve impulse. Characterized by paresthesia |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | aka Lou Gehrig disease. Characterized by atrophy of hands, forearms and legs |
| my/asthenia gravis | defect in the condition of verve impulses at the neuromuscular junction |
| hordeolum | stye, infected sebaceous gland of an eyelash |
| astigmatism | uneven focusing of the image, resulting from distortion of the curvature of the lens or cornea |
| presby/opia | hyperopia and impairment of vision due to advancing years or old age |
| phreno | mind or diaphragm |
| observable pathologic condition of the brain include? | mental retardation, dementia,and alzheimers disease |
| autism | withdrawal and impaired development in social interaction and communication |
| agoraphobia | abnormal fear of public places |
| arachnohobia | abnormal fear of spiders |
| acrophobia | abnormal fear of heights |
| dissociative disorder | separation or spit in personality occurs resulting in altered state of consciousness or confusion in identity |
| megalo/mania | one believes oneself to be a person of great importance |
| klepto/mania | abnormal urge to steal |
| somatoform disorders | symptoms suggesting physical illness or disease, for which there are no demonstrable causes |
| hypo/chondr/iasis | hypochondria, abnormal concern about the health of the body |
| psychosis | major mental disorder characterized by gross impairment in reality testing |
| schizo/phrenia | gross distortion of reality, hallucinations, disturbances of language and communication |
| burr hole | drilled into the skull, used to drain or irrigate an abscess |
| stereotaxis | system of three dimensional coordinates to locate a site to be operated on or irradiated |
| opioid analgesics | act on CNS for pain, morphine and codeine |
| radial keratotomy | reduces or eliminates the need for further correction of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. The EXCIMER LASER is used |
| vago/tomy | severing the vagus nerve to reduce the amount of acid secreted in the stomach |
Created by:
btuehara
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