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HlTH ch.17
Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gastrin | stimulates production of hydrochloric acid |
| negative feedback of PTH means that | its secreted in response to low levels of calcium in blood |
| atriopeptin | increases loss of sodium and water in urine |
| prostaglandins | stimulated by injury. Potent chemical regulators, hormone-like substances. Implicated by menstrual cramps, premature labor |
| goiter | enlarged thyroid gland |
| steroids | sex hormones and adrenal cortex |
| pituitary gland | small, round, attached to a stalk at the base of the brain (hypophysis) or (master gland) |
| adrenal glands | lies above each kidney, aka suprarenal glands |
| pineal gland | pine cone shaped and attached to posterior part of the brain, aka pineal body |
| islets of langerhans | clusters of cells in the pancreas that secrete glucagon and insulin |
| what gland supplies hormones that act directly on cells or stimulate other glands that govern numerous vital processes | pituitary gland |
| cortico | cortex |
| hypophyso | pituitary gland |
| tropo | to stimulate |
| -physis | growth |
| -tropic | stimulating |
| -tropin | that which stimulates |
| ADH, STH, MSH | stand for pituitary hormones |
| LH in males is also called? | ICSH, interstitial cell stimulating hormone |
| the hypothalamus synthesizes two hormones that are stored in the neurohypophysis | Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
| diuresis | passage of large amounts of urine |
| the hypothalamus regulates the ( ) by producing regulatory and inhibitory hormones | andenohypophysis |
| regulatory and inhibitory hormones stimulate or inhibit the | adenohypophysis |
| somato/tropic hormone | growth hormone |
| melanin | black or dark brown pigment |
| follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are produced by? | adenohypophysis |
| hypo/physis | grows under the cerebrum |
| FSH and LH are | gonadotrophins |
| FSH | stimulates the ovaries and testes |
| LH in females stimulate | ovulation and production of progesterone |
| LH in males promotes | growth of interstitial cells of the testes and secretion of testosterone |
| LH in males is often called | interstitial cell stimulating hormone |
| thyroid stimulating hormone | aka thyropin, produce thyroid hormones |
| thyroxine T4 | tetra/iodo/thyro/nine, contains 4 atoms of iodine |
| thyro/calcitonin | aka calcitonin, involved in the homeostasis of blood calcium level |
| adrenal gland has two parts | cortex and medulla |
| the cortex is stimulated by | adrenocorticotropin hormone |
| mineralo/corticoids | maintain water balance |
| gluco/corticoids | increase blood glucose |
| melatonin | secreted by pineal gland, its release is stimulated by darkness |
| adrenal medulla secretes | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| concentration of glucose in the blood is an example of | negative feedback system |
| glucagon | increase blood sugar levels |
| negative feedback of PTH means that it is secreted in response to low levels of | calcium in the blood |
| PTH has the ( ) effect, or is antagonistic , to calcitonin secreted by the thyroid gland | oposite |
| goiter | enlarged thyroid, swelling in the neck |
| blood test to study pancreatic function include | fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and glucose tolerance test |
| glycosylated hemoglobin | represent average blood glucose levels over the previous 3 or 4 months |
| what are the products of abnormal use of fat in the body (as in diabetes)? | ketones |
| disorders of the posterior lobe of the pituitary are usually related to a deficiency or excess of | ADH, anti diuretic hormone |
| diabetes insipidus | deficiency of ADH or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH |
| diabetes mellitus | insufficient or improper use of insulin |
| a life threatening form of graves disease is | thyroid storm aka thyrotoxicosis |
| hypothyroidism in childhood | cretinism |
| myxedema | severe form of adult hypothyroidism, severe swelling and facial puffiness |
| malnutrition, and wasting , caused by hypo secretion of the pituitary glad in adults | pituitary cachexia |
| hyperparathyroidism causes | hypercalcemia |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of hair |
| hypo secretion of epinephrine produces no effect, hyper secretion, usually from a tumor puts the body in a prolonged ... | fight or flight mode |
| hypo secretion fo the adrenal cortex in which all three classes of adrenal corticosteroids are reduced leads to | Addison disease |
| Addison disease | life threatening, dehydration, low blood glucose levels and bronzing of the skin |
| deficiency of insulin secretion by the pancreas is a characteristic of what to disorders? | pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer |
| hyperglycemia causes fluid electrolyte imbalances resulting in | polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia |
| type 1 diabetes mellitus | genetic, absolute insulin deficiency |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | insulin resistance |
| diabetic nephro/pathy | damage to small vessels of kidneys and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease |
| diabetic retino/pathy | disorder of the retinal blood vessels of the eye that can lead to blindness |
| peripheral vascular disease can lead to | amputation |
| mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the breast that occurs most frequently in? | lactating women |
| the most common cause of hypopituitarism is | pituitary tumor |
| type 1 diabetes is controlled by ( ) and type 2 diabetes is controlled by ( ) | insulin, exercise |
| mastopexy is performed to correct a | pendulous breast (also called breast lift) |
| lumpectomy | excision of a tumor |
| mast/ectomy | removal of the breast |
| only breast tissue is removed in a mastectomy, whereas axillary lymph nodes and muscles of the chest are removed in | radical mastectomy |
| mammoplasty | surgical reshaping of the breasts |
| augmentation mammoplasty | increases the size of the breasts |
Created by:
btuehara
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