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Test 1

QuestionAnswer
Anthropology the study of humankind and the human condition
The 4 Types of Anthropology physical, cultural, linguistic, archaeology
Scientific Method (6 Steps) 1. Observation 2. Form Hypothesis (must be testable & falsifiable) 3. Test/ Experiment 4. Analyze Data 5. Revise Hypothesis 6. Publish/ Peer Review
Theory A theory is a framework typically made up of a set of interrelated hypotheses within which observations are explained. A broad statement of scientific relationships or underlying principles that has been at least partially verified through rigorous testin
Fixity of Species The idea that, since God and His Grand Design were perfect, there was no need for change. The universe and everything in it was fixed and unchanging, and species, once created, never change.
Binomial nomenclature Naming by two names; the naming of each organism by two names, genus and species.
Lamarck Botanist and Zoologist. Developed an explanation, called Lamarckism or Inheritance of Acquired Traits, of how organisms changed through time. Stressed the importance of interactions between organisms and the environment in the evolutionary process.
Creation The idea that the universe and all living organisms were created by God in an instant as part of God's Grand Design
Lamarckism First, but incorrect, evolutionary explanation. Also know as Inheritance of Acquired Traits. Proposed that organisms could acquire new traits in response to environmental change, and that those new traits would be inherited by their offspring
Cuvier Paleontologist and Anatomist. Introduced the concept of extinction to explain the disappearance of animals represented by fossils. A believer in fixity of species, he developed a hypothesis called Catastrophism to explain those extinctions
Catastrophism Suggested that the earth had undergone a number of violent cataclysmic events, shaping the geological features of earth and resulting in large extinctions, followed by restocking of new organisms from unaffected regions, as well as by new creation events.
Lyell Geologist. Developed a hypothesis, called Uniformitarianism, to explain how geological forces shaped the face of the earth through time. Emphasized the immense age of the earth
Uniformitarianism Theory that all the geological forces that shape the face of the earth today have acted in a uniform fashion all through time. Lyell's work demonstrated that the earth could not be six thousand years old, opposed Catastrophism
Malthus Clergyman and Economist. Noted that all organisms produce more offspring than can be supported by the environment, and that the tendency to overproduce is kept in check by nature (resource availability).
Linnaeus Physician and Naturalist. Developed a four level classification system (Systema Naturae) for living organisms. Standardized the use of two Latinized names for each living organism. Systema Naturae based on his perception of the Divine Order of Creation
Ussher believed that creation of the universe and everything in it took place. According to his belief, the earth is less than 10,000 years old. 4004 BC
Darwin Developed ideas on natural selection, an evolutionary explanation of how species can change through time
Wallace Naturalist. His ideas on causes of change in species were in some ways similar to Darwin's, concerned that Wallace would be credited with the ideas he had been working on for over 30 years, published On Origin of Species, in December 1858.
Natural Selection (Steps) 1. overproduction 2. variation 3. selection of favorable variation 4. inheritance of favorable traits 5. change in species over time
Differential Net Reproductive Sucess how successful future generations will be at having kids
Fitness A measure of an individual organism's net reproductive success compared to other individuals of the same species. Measured not just by the number of offspring, but by the number of offspring that have the opportunity to have offspring of their own.
Selective pressures Forces of the environment that influence reproductive success in individuals.
Reproductive success The number of offspring an individual produces and rears to reproductive age; an individual's genetic contribution to the next generation.
Mitosis (Steps) 1. prophase 2. prometaphase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telephase 6. cytokinesis
Protein Synthesis (Steps) 1. DNA 2. mRNA 3. Enters Cytoplasm 4. Finds Ribosomes 5. tRNA 6. Amino Acids (20 kinds) 7. Peptide Bond 8. Polypeptide (Protein)
Mendel Trait Traits that are influenced by alleles at only one locus
Created by: bonnie_cp
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