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01.03
Defense and Coping Mechanisms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Id | primarily unconscious; immediate gratification of the drives |
| Superego | conscious and unconscious components; what should and shouldn't be done |
| Ego | mediator between the id and superego; person vs. reality |
| Perception | collection, identification, organization, and interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand the environment |
| Learning | acquisition of new, modifying, and reinforcing existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences |
| Reality Testing | ego's capacity to distinguish what is occurring in one's own mind from what is occurring in the external world |
| Thinking | ability to have logical, coherent, and abstract thoughts |
| Comperehension | ability to understand; action of grasping with intellect |
| Affect | experience of feeling or emotion |
| Judgment | capability to make decisions after careful thoughts; discernment |
| Denial | reality ignored to avoid painful feelings and memories |
| Distortion | altering one's perception of the environment by replacing reality with a more acceptable version in order to suit the inner needs |
| Projection | casting out unacceptable thoughts or feelings into others |
| Acting Out | performing an extreme behavior in order to express thoughts or feelings the person feels incapable of otherwise expressing |
| Passive-Aggressive Behavior | expression of hostile feelings in a non-aggressive or non-confrontational manner |
| Regression | attempt to go back to an earlier phase of functioning in an attempt to avoid current tension |
| Schizoid Fantasy | retreating into one's private internal world to avoid anxiety |
| Somatization | converting emotional pain into physical symptoms and focusing one's attention on somatic rather than intrapsychic concerns |
| Hypochondriasis | exaggerating or overmphasizing an illness for the purpose of evasion and regression |
| Displacement | transferring an emotion association to another where the expression is more permitted, less forbidden, and more acceptable |
| Intellectualization | overemphasis on thinking to deal with emotional issues; avoidance of expression of emotion |
| Rationalization | offering rational explanations in an attempt to justify beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors or failures that is otherwise unacceptable or intolerable |
| Isolation of Affect | separating an idea from its associated emotion |
| Reaction Formation | unacceptable wishes are transformed into the complete opposite |
| Repression | expelling or excluding acceptable ideas or impulses or blocking them from entering consciousness |
| Sexualization | colored with sexual overtones that were either not there, or if present, were subtle |
| Altruism | committing oneself to the needs of others over and above one's own needs |
| Anticipation | delaying immediate gratification by planning and thinking about future achievements and accomplishment |
| Ascetism | attempt to eliminate pleasurable aspects of experiences |
| Humor | finding something comic in difficult situations to reduce unpleasant affect and personal discomfot |
| Sublimation | channeling of unacceptable impulse, thoughts, and emotions into acceptable ones |
| Suppression | conscious decision to delay paying attention to an emotion or need in order to cope with the present reality |
| Identification | internalizing the qualities of another person and becoming like the person |
| Undoing | an attempt to take back an unconscious behavior or thought that is unacceptable or hurtful |
| Narcissistic, Immature, Mature, Neurotic | classifications of defense mechanisms |
| Defense Deregulation Level | characterized by failure of defensive regulation to contain the individual's reaction to stressors, leading to a pronounced break with objective reality |
| Action Level | characterized by defensive functioning that deals with internal or external stressors by action or withdrawal |
| Major Image Distorting Level | characterized by gross distortion or misattribution of the image of self or others |
| Disavowal Level | characterized by keeping unpleasant or unacceptable stressors, impulses, ideas, affects, or responsibility out of awareness with or without a misattribtuion of these to external causes |
| Minor Image Distorting Level | characterized by distortions in the image of the self, body, or others that may be employed to regulate self-esteem |
| Mental Inhibitions Level | compromise formation; keeps potentially threatening ideas, feelings, memories, wishes, or fears our of awareness |
| High Adaptive Level | results in optimal adaptation in the handling of stressors; usually maximize gratification and allow the conscious awareness of feelings, ideas, and their consequences; promote optimum balance among conflicting motives |
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