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Circulation

Cardiovascular System

TermDefinition
Pericardium sac that surrounds the heart & secretes a lubricating fluid that prevents friction
Myocardium actual heart muscles that makes up the thickest part of the heart & generates the contractions.
Epicardium the outer membrane of the heart
Endocardium the smooth, thin, inner lining of the heart
Artia (Atrium) 2 small upper chambers of the heart separated by the interatrial septum.
Ventricles 2 large lower chambers of the heart separated by the interventricular septum
Skeleton of the heart A fibrous structure separating the atrium and ventricle chambers
Heart valves 4 set of valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart
Bicuspid valve (mitral) Is located between the left atrium & ventricle
Tricuspid valve located between the right atrium & ventricle
Atrioventricular valves allow blood to flow into the ventricles, but keep it from entering back into the atria (bicuspid & tricuspid valve)
Semilunar valve allow blood to flow into the pulmonary arteries & aorta, keeps it from entering back into the ventricles.
Aortic Valve located between the left ventricle & aorta
Pulmonary valve located between the pulmonary artery & right ventricle
Right Atrium Receives oxygen-poor blood from vena cava
Right Ventricle Pumps oxygen-poor through pulmonary arteries to lungs for oxygen
Left Atrium Receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins
Left Ventricle Pumps oxygen-rich blood into aorta and all arterial branches
Coronary vessels Supply heart tissue w/ blood
Purkinje Fibers Stimulate contraction of myocardium
AV & SA node (pacemaker) cells in right atrium initiate contraction, pulse to ventricles
Arteries Thick smooth muscles that carry oxygen-rich blood away from heart except pulmonary artery branch into arterioles
Arterioles Smaller blood vessels branching from arteries
Veins Thin, superficial smooth muscles that carry blood toward heart & have valves and branch into venules
Venules Smaller blood vessels branching from veings
Capillaries Microscopic blood vessels permeable to gases by diffusion
Blood Liquid connective tissue composed of plasma & red/white blood cells
Plasma 90% water, 10% nutrients, gases, electrolytes, & hormones
Red Blood Cells Erthrocyte; formed in bone marrow, carries oxygen on hemoglobin, life span of 120 days
White blood cells leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, cosinophilis; formed in bone marrow & lymph nodes, body's defense mechanism forming antibodies against foreign antigens
Clotting involves platelets (WBC) and prothrombin protein, which converts to the protein fibrin cot
Systemic Circulation Blood flow to all parts of body from left ventricle to right atrium
Pulmonary Circulation Blood flow to lungs & back through pulmonary veins
Coronary Circulation Blood flow to coronary arteries around heart
Hepatic portal Circulation Veins from digestion, spleen, and pancreas to hepatic portal vein of liver and drained into vena cava
Cerebral Circulation Blood flow to the brain
ECG graph of the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle
Pulse Heart rate, or number of beat per minute
Blood Pressure Systolic pressure, heart contraction over diastolic pressure, heart relaxation at rest
Benefits Improves & increases arterial circulation, assists venous & lymphatic circulation, aids in lowering blood pressure, improves flow of interstital fluid
Function Helps regulate temperature & acid/base balance; circulate blood throughout the body, exchange of gases, nutrients, & wastes between blood & body cells
Created by: crystalsaiz
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