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History Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absolutism | form of gov't where one ruler, a monarch, has absolute/total power |
| Enlightenment | 18th century movement of intellectuals who were impressed by the Scientific revolution |
| philosophers/philosphe | intellectuals of the Enlightenment |
| enlightened monarch | monarchs influenced by the Enlightenment, ruled by the enlightenment principals |
| Thomas Hobbes | English philosopher,wrote Leviathan which created foundation for western European political philosophy. |
| Thomas Hobbes' Ideas | the right of the individual; the natural equality of all men; the artificial character of the political order the view that all legitimate political power must be "representative" and based on the consent of the people. |
| John Locke | English philosopher during Enlightenment. Father of Classical Liberalism |
| John Locke's Idea | Tabula rasa; blank state. Life, health, liberty and possessions. |
| Old Regime/Ancien Regime | Monarchy set up by France |
| Three estates | the 3 different levels of society. |
| 1st estate | Clergy members; about 0.05%. Didnt have to pay taxes. owned 5-10% of land |
| 2nd estate | French nobility; about 2.00%. Didn't have to pay taxes owned 25% of land |
| 3rd estate | commoners/; about 97%. Anyone who was not in 1st or 2nd estate(Clergy or nobility) |
| Estates General | assembling of all 3 estates for meeting |
| bourgeoisie | "middle class" of people in France |
| French Revolution | period of radical social and political upheaval in France that dramatically affected France because of the decline of monarchies and churches and the rise of democracy and nationalism |
| Bastille | stormed in during French revolution and used as a symbol for the French republican movement |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | document of French Revolution. defines the natural rights of man to liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression. gave freedom and equality to man. |
| Liberté, égalité, fraternité | Freedom, equality, brotherhood |
| reign of terror | period of violence during the French revolution. mass murder by the guillotine |
| Robespierre | head of Committee of Public Safety |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | leader who took over after Louis XVI |
| Napoleonic Code | code that preserved most of the gains during the revolution |
| Napoleon's downfall | invaded Russia and lost miserably and forced to retreat. He was exiled |
| congress of Vienna | meeting of great powers to arrange a final peace settlemeb |
| Prince Metternich | leader of Congress of Vienna |
| Conservatism vs. Liberalism | Conservatism-based on tradition and social stability Liberalism- people should be as free as possible from gov't restraint |
| principal of intervention | principal adopted by Great Powers that gave them the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore monarchs to power. |
| Otto Von Bismarck | Prussian leader of Germany; worked to keep peace between nations |
| German Unification | Before war with France, the Northern German States merged with Southern German states |
| textile industry | industry fr production of yarn and cloth. the manufacturing of clothes |
| bourgeoisie vs proletariat | bourgeoisie-low class people (factory workers) proletariat-high class people (factory owners) |
| Laissez-faire | idea that the gov't should not be involved in economics |
| Adam Smith | pioneer of political economy |
| karl marx and friedrich engels | writers of The Communist Manifesto |
| capitalism | economic system where trade, industry, etc. are controlled privately |
| entreprenuer | on who takes on the ruisk of starting a business |
| cottage vs factory system | cottage- took a lot of time and all hand made factory system- made by machine an much faster |
| steam engine | key part of Industrial Revolution; allowed factories to be placed where water power wasn't available |
| James Watt | developer of steam engine |
| Berlin Conference | Conference of European powers to decide on imperialism in Africa |
| social darwinism | theory that one race is better than another |
| British East India Company | the original ruler of India |
| Indian National Congress | political party in India |
| Open Door Policy | policy that China had to open trade with the US as a sphere of influence |
| sphere of influence | one country having exclusive control of trade or control in general |
| Opium War | War between Britain and China over opium. Britain wanted to trade opium to citizen but China did not |
| Tai Ping Rebellion | Civil war in Southern China. Led by Hong Xiuquan |
| 100 Days of Reform | Failed attempt to modernize China |
| extraterritoriality | Europeans living in sections of China but not being subjected to China's laws but their own |
| Commodore Matthew Perry | Commodore who succeeded Japan on Edo Bay. he brought a letter from President Fillmore that asked to open trade with Japam |
| Meiji Restoration | period of Japanese "Enlightenment" and modernization |
| colonial rivialry | other European powers fighting over colonies |
Created by:
cutiepie101
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