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Oral Torah Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Was the oral Torah an afterthought? | No, oral Torah came before Written Torah |
| When was Oral Torah first established? | HaShem gave oral Torah to Moshe at Mt. Sinai |
| When was written Torah first written? | About 40 yrs after Mt. Sinai, when Jews were just about the enter B'nei Israel |
| Why do we need oral Torah? | Oral Torah = 50 times larger than written Torah. Oral Torah has much more information, + goes much more into depth so it clarifies and explains what is already written down |
| Why was the oral Torah originally not written? | Was intended to be spread by word of mouth so if student had questions, they could be answered clearly w/o misinterpretation |
| How do oral teachings help you remember? | Oral Torah is being transmitted personally so it is constantly being discussed + clarified. By not being written down, it requires every Jew to review + remember |
| Why can you not write down the oral tradition? | It will not be suited over time + there are too many details to include in 1 book |
| How was written Torah written? | Only essential commandments + details were written so sages could explain the Torah in more detail |
| Reason #1 Torah was not written down? | In future, Gentiles could rule over us + degrade Torah. HaShem didn't want Torah degraded, so it was not written |
| Reason #2 Torah was not written down? | with writing, there are always doubts + misinterpretations. Keeping Torah oral would prevent miscommunication; written Torah is not complete w/o oral Torah to explain it |
| Progression of Oral Torah? | HaShem > Moshe @ Mt. Sinai > Joshua > Zekenim > Neveiim > Anshei Knesset > Zugot > Tanaim > Amoraim > Rav Yehuda HaNasi |
| Who were the Tanaim? | Sages of Israel who lived and worked in 20-220 C.E. (approximately). The Tanaim were the scholars of Jewish law and legend), who toiled in the oral tradition - and created the( האגדה .)משנה( Mishna |
| What does Tana mean in Aramaic? | Teach, memorized, studied |
| Where do the teachings of the Tanaim appear? | The Mishnah, Talmud + Midrash books |
| Why did Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi decide to write down the Oral Torah? | He feared that the Oral Torah would be forgotten bc the Romans forbade Jews to study Torah for many yrs, the people of Israel were scattered in exile + the ability of people's memory had decreased |
| What is the Mishnah? | The first Halakhic book written after the Written Torah |
| Who edited the Mishnah? | Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi |
| When was the Mishnah's final edit? | 220 CE |
| What are the 6 sections of the Mishnah? | זרעים seeds, מועד time, נשים women, holies קודשים, Taharot טהרות, נזיקין damages |
| Significance of the Name משנה? | memorization, repeating the learning, Secondary to the Torah, as viceroy to a king. |
| What were materials that did not fit into Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi's vision of the Mishnah called? | ברייתות |
| Where are the ברייתות preserved? | In the Talmud, Tosefta + other halakhic midrashim books |
| What is the תוספתא? | collection that includes ברייתות not included in the Mishnaot of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi |
| Differences btwn the Mishnah + Tosefta? | Mishnah is written in short language, Tosefta completes/explains Mishnah. In Mishnah,some Mishna סתמית where Tanna is anonymous. name of Tanna always appears in Tosefta. Mishnah is divided in 6 sections. Tosefta is usually in same order but not always |
| Who were האמוראים? | The Amoraim sages of the Talmud operated from the end of the Mishnah (220 CE) to the completion of the Talmud (3rd - 5th century CE) |
| Where did the Amoraim operate? | In Northern Israel + Babylon |
| What is the main book of Oral Law in Judaism? | The Talmud |
| What is the Talmud? | Amoraim's commentaries on the Mishnah. Usually debates that were left open-ended (w/o resolution) |
| What are the 2 books of the Talmud? | The Mishnah (written in Hebrew) + the G'mara - or Sha'as(written in Aramaic) |
| What language is the Mishnah? | Hebrew |
| What language is the G'mara (or Sha'as)? | Aramaic |
| Talmud בבלי? | Written in Babylon |
| Talmud Yerushalmi? | Written in Northern Israel |
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