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Chap 18 cont 9
administering IV medications in large animals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The most common site for IV administration in equine patients is | the jugular vein |
| What area on the neck is best used for IV administration in horses | the most cranial half of the neck on the right side (away from where the esophagus is) so that the muscle layer protects the underlying caroid artery from potential puncture |
| IV venipuncture is acheieved by | inserting the needle only once blood drips attach the syringe for sample collection |
| how do you know if you are in the vein or artery | arterial blood will forcibly pulse out of the hub of the needle and tends to be bright red. whereas venous blood will steadily drip and tends to be darker red |
| why is it important to make sure the needle is in the vein and not the artery | because if the medication is given into the artery goes directly to the brain and can result in violent reaction and even death |
| complications associated with IV administration of medications include | anaphylactic reaction, sweating, hives, anxiety, agitation, difficulty breathing and collapse |
| when large amounts of medications need to be administered what is the best route | IV catheterization in the jugular vein, cephalic vein and the latera throacic vein |
| what type of catheters can be maintained in veins for longer periods and are less thrombogenic | polyurethane and Silastic catheters |
| Jugular catheters should be inserted in what direction | toward the heart, the direction of blood flow |
| before administering any medications via the jugular catheter | the injection port should be wipped with alcohol to prevent bacterial contamination |
| what size and type catheter should be used for large animals | 14-16 ga usually 3.25 inches OTN, or guide wire-type catheters |
| If using a guide wire type catheter what is the most important rule | NEVER let go of the guide wire until the catheter has been sucessfully placed and the guide wire fully removed |
| the most important thing in placing IV in bovine | is proper restraint |
| for smaller volumes of non-irritating medications which vein can be used in bovine | coccygeal vein, used mainly in dairy cows which are the most tolerant |
| which vein should never be used for IV injection | the subcutaneous abdominal vein |
| this vein is not typically used for IV injections but can be used for IV injections of small amounts of medications | auricular vein, the ear vein |
| what size IV catheter is used in adult cattle | 12-16 ga 5.75 inch |
| what are the materials needed for IV catheterization | catheter, flush, T-port, razor, clippers, scrub , suture, sterile gloves, bandage material |
| ovine and caprine best injection spot for IV meds is | goat and sheep, the jugular vein 20-22 ga 1 inch |
| IV administration in porcine (pigs) is best done at the | for adult pigs auricular veins located on the dorsal aspect of the pinna. for babies the jugular vein is the best option |
| which type of catheter is used in porcine | 19 - 21 ga butterfly or an 18 ga OTN |
| complications from IV catheterization include | phlebitis, thrombophlebitis and local cellulitis, speticemia |
| the technician should be on the lookout for what types of clues | swelling, heat, pus, a thick corded feel to the vein or the appearance of fluid from the catheter site |
Created by:
tnewhouse
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