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The Roman World
The founding and fall of the Roman Empire
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the mid 700's B.C.E. who moved into West Central Italy? What did they create? | A group of people called the Latins.These people untied to form the city of Rome. |
| In the 16oo's B.C.E. who ruled over Rome? | The Eutruscan King from Italy. |
| The Romans adopted....... | A written language. <1st Western Alphabet> |
| When the Greeks moved into Rome what did they model? | Their ideas, government, and religion. |
| Who was the chief god of the Romans? | Jupiter. |
| What happened to the Eutruscan King? | He was overthrown and replaced by a republic. |
| What is a republic? | A form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state. |
| Who could vote in Rome? | The men. |
| Describe the senate. | most powerful, controlled funds, and had an emergency dictator. <foreign policy- 6 month term> |
| Describe the magistrates. | included consuls, praetors, and censors. Consul- Veto <refuse to approve> |
| Describe the Assemblies. | Vote on laws and elected officials. |
| What were the two houses of congress? How many poeple are in each house? | 1.Senate (100) - 2 from each state 2.House of Representatives- 435 |
| what fraction of the vote was enough to veto? | two-thirds |
| Describe the Patricians. | Had a controlled government, inherited power, landowners, and nobles. |
| Describe the Plebeians. | Had no written laws until the twelve tables, farmers/workers, barred from office, and majority. |
| What were some conflicts concerning Rome with its neighbors? | 1.Trade rivalry 2.Competition for land 3.Economic Competition 4.How one culture could threaten another |
| What did the Roman Republic control in the mid 200's? | All of the Italian Peninsula |
| Where is Carthage located? | Off the coast of North Africa |
| What did Rome and Carthage fear? | Rome- Carthage would interfere with trade in their mediterranian with their large navy. Carthage- Rome would want the island of Sicily. |
| What were the three wars fought between Rome and Carthage called? | The Punic Wars |
| Describe the 1st Punic War. | -Began in 264 B.C.E. -Rome built a navy and used boarding bridges to ram other vessels. -In 241 B.C.E. Carthage asked for peace after 23 years of war. -Carthage payed for damages and gave up Sicily. |
| Describe the 2nd Punic War. | -Began in 218 B.C.E. -Hannibal(Carthage General) and his army crossed over the Alps and into Italy. Carthaginian army included elephants -The Carthaginian army won several victories -Scipio-Roman(Carthage) -Carhage lost and lost colonies in Spain. |
| Describe the 3rd Punic War. | -Began in 149 B.C.E. -Carthage destroyed in 146 B.C.E. -Macedonia defeated in 197 B.C.E. by Rome -Rome became the supreme power in the Mediterranean -Rome acquired Greek city-states. |
| What happened after the Punic Wars? | Famers with food, sold land and moved to cities, food shortage,imported food,unemployment high, and the conquered people were unhappy |
| What was the Gracchus Brothers goals? | To reform government |
| Who was Tiberius? | Worked for farmer-soldier-suggested land reforms. Then a mob clubbed him to death. |
| Who was Gaius? | Used public money to buy food--> sold food at low prices. Was killed in a riot. This was a turning point in Roman History-->violence replaced respect for law. |
| What happened in the Social War? | Italian city-states wanted political rights. The city-states revolted-->which led to reform to Roman citizenship and police office. |
| Who was Gauis Marius? | Roman General elected to consul. He had a volunteer army who would work for money, land, and war loot. |
| Who was Julius Ceaser? | He was popular among Rome's poor. |
| Who made up the first triumvirate? | Julius Ceaser, Gnaess Pompey, and Liciniuous Crassus. |
| What did Ceaser conquer? | Gaul (today France) |
| Where did Ceaser go? | Marched to Rome with his army. Then he went to Egypt, then he went to Rome. Where he declared himself emperor. |
| When did Ceaser get murdered? | Ides of March. March 15, 44 B.C.E. |
| Who killed Ceaser? | Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus(Ceaser's best friend) |
| Who is Octavian? | Grandnephew of Ceaser |
| Who was Marc Antony? | Leading General + Lepidius <form second Triumvate> |
| Where was Marc Antony sent? | East to reconquer Syria + asia minor where he met with Cleopatra. |
| Who did Octavian declare war on? | Marc Antony and Cleopatra. this became a battle. |
| Where did this battle take place? | Actium (Greece) |
| What happened during this battle? | Rome beats navy within the year-Octavian marched in Alexandria, Egypt. As a result, Marc Antony + Cleopatra commited suicide. |
| Who took power? | Octavian |
| What is Octavian's name given from the senate? | Augustus |
| What is a Pax Romana? | a time of peace that lasted 200 years? |
| Julio-Claudian emperors | Caligula + Nero |
| 5 good emperors | Hadrian-wall Marcus-defended Rome against invasion. |
| To keep peace what did the Romans allow? | different religions as long as the people honored the Roman Gods and honored the emporers "Divine spirit" |
| Where did most jewish people live? What happened there? | Judaea which was conquered by the Romans.The Jewish people revolted. |
| What did the Romans capture? | Jerusalem |
| What is the wailing wall? | The only wall left of Solomon's temple because of the Romans. |
| Who was Jesus of Nazareth? | began to teach sermons + perform miracles. |
| Where are Jesus's teachings recorded? | Matthew, Mark, Luke, and john.--1st four testaments called the new testament |
| What did Rome decide about jewish people? | They forbid them to live in Jerusalem + punish them for disobedience |
| what was Jesus declared? | An enemy of the state + taken to Pontius Pilate ordered to be crucified. |
| In the 100's what did the romans outlaw? | Christianity, persecuted Christians. |
| Who is constantine? | converted to Christianity and moved his capital to constantinople.(istanbul,turkey) |
| Who was the council of Nicaea? | wrote down beliefs |
| Who is Theodosius? | Declared Christianity the new religion. |
| trinity | father, son, holy ghost |
| what was the order of the religion system? | pope cardinals archbishop bishop priests |
| Who was peter? | considered 1st pope/patriarch |
| Where were the main cities where Christianity flourished? | Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, + Jerusalem |
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