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Chapter 12
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| central nervous system (CNS) | brain & spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | cranial nerves & spinal nerves & branches from these nerves |
| nerve cell body | axon & dendrite |
| axon | takes signals away from cell body |
| dendrite | takes signals toward cell body |
| neurotransmitter | chemical that transmits signal from a nerve to another nerve or a muscle |
| myelin | protect sheath around axon; increases speed of signal movement |
| neuroglia | cell that supports neurons but doesn't send signal |
| Brain - four main divisions | cerebral hemispheres & diencephalon & brainstem & cerebellum |
| cerebral hemispheres | consciousness, judgments, voluntary actions |
| cerebral cortex | gray matter (nerve cell bodies) |
| white matter | axons |
| diencephalon | thalamus (relay center) & hypothalamus (control center) |
| brainstem | controls vital functions like heart rate & respiratory rate |
| cerebellum | helps co-ordinate voluntary movements; helps with balance & equilibrium |
| brain dead | none of the four parts are functioning; will die if not on respirator |
| persistent vegetative state | brainstem still functioning so vital signs (breathing on own; heart beating) okay |
| spinal cord | ascending tracts & descending tracts |
| ascending tracts | sensory |
| descending tracts | motor |
| dura mater | "tough mother" most superficial layer |
| arachnoid | "spider-like" middle layer |
| pia mater | "soft mother" deepest layer |
| sensory neurons | send signals toward central nervous system |
| motor neurons | send signals toward periphery |
| somatic nervous system | signal to skeletal muscles (voluntary) |
| autonomic nervous system | signal to smooth muscle & cardiac muscle (involuntary) has two divisions |
| sympathetic | fight or flight |
| parasympathetic | predominate when at rest |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningocele | herniation of meninges through defect in vertebral column |
| myelomeningocele | herniation of spinal cord & meninges through defect in vertebral column |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of spinal cord |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| neurology | study of the nervous system |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke; caused by thrombosis or hemorrhage |
| transient ischemia attack (TIA) | transient interference with blood supply to brain without permanent loss of function |
Created by:
fieldsl3
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