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Chapter 15 & 16 Test
Hon. World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Leonardo da Vinci? | -Renaissance Man-An artist,inventor,scientist,&visionary-Mastered realism painting-Wanted to create idealized styles capture perfect nature of an individual-Dissected human beings to get a better understanding of the human body-Painted Mona Lisa&Last Supp |
| Who was Michelangelo? | -Painter,sculptor,&architecture-Master of the High Renaissance-Painted+Sistine Chapel+David-Marble sculptor+The Pieta-Marble sculptor |
| Who invented the printing press? | o Johannel Gutenburg invented the printing press o Revolutionized printing industry o Advanced technology in paper & printing |
| What was the Diet (Peace) of Augsburg? | -Ended the religious warfare-Agreement that accepted the division of Christianity in Germany-German states allowed to choose between Christianity and Lutheranism-Lutheran states would have same legal rights as Catholic states |
| Who was Calvin? | Reformer converted to Protestantism-Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion-Printing press ideas could be distributed widely-known as new head of Protestantism-Believed in Justification&Predestination-Believed no one could be certain of salvation |
| What is justification? | processes of being deemed worthy for salvation |
| What is Predestination? | belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned |
| Who was Queen Mary I? | o Wanted to convert Europe to Catholicism o Killed over 300 Protestants as heretics o Nicknamed “Bloody Mary” o Made Protestant faith stronger (opposite effect of what she wanted) |
| What was the council of Trent? | o A group of cardinals, archbishops, bishops, abbots, and theologians that met off and on for 18 years in the city of Trent |
| Name three elements of the Catholic Reformation. | Establish a new religious order; the Jesuits Reform papacy Council of Trent |
| Who was Ignatius Loyola? | o Created Society of Jesus or Jesuits o Took a vow of obedience to the Pope making them important to the papal policy |
| Who were the Anabaptist? | -Believe in complete separation of church&state-No hold political offices/bear arms cause they took the Commandments literally-Believe in baptism as an adult-all believers to be equal-Chose minister/spiritual leader-Called radicals-Persecuted |
| What were indulgences? | o A release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death |
| How does one gain an indulgence? | o Church sold indulgences o Pilgrimages to holy lands is a way to get indulgences o Gaining a relic is another way |
| Who was Erasmus? | -Best known humanist-Believe people should live good lives on a daily basis-Wrote Praise the Folly humorously criticized the society moral&religious state&called for a simpler purer faith-Wanted reform the Catholic Church&prepared people for Reformation |
| What is humanism? | o An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral, philosophy, & history |
| What is humanism based off of? | o Based on the studies of ancient Greece and Rome (Greeks & Romans) |
| What is theocracy? | o Government with divine authority o Calvin started this gov in Geneava |
| Who was Machiavelli? | -Wrote The Prince on how to get and keep political power-A leader should do good when possible but bad when necessary-Had big impact on political views even today |
| 5 facts about Lutheranism | 1.Faith alone ensures salvation;rejects sacraments except Baptism&Eucharist 2.Bible is only source of religious truth 3.Services center on Biblical preaching,in vernacular languages 4.Church is a community of believers 5.Consubstantiation |
| What does Consubstantiation mean? | bread and wine they do not change;they are symbols of Christ |
| What does Transubstantiation mean? | bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ |
| 5 facts about Catholicism | 1.Good works and sacraments help ensure salvation 2. clergy interpret Bible 3. Services include ritual, use the Latin language 4. Church is a hierarchy of clergy 5. Transubstantiation |
| How did Martin Luther challenge the church in 1517? | • 1517: nailed Ninety-five Theses to door of the Church; objected to sale of indulgences and corruption in the Church |
| How did Martin Luther challenge the church in 1520? | • 1520: Pope Leo X issued papal bull (official letter from the pope) demanding Luther recant (apologize); Luther publicly burned the letter; Luther was declared a heretic and was excommunicated |
| How did Martin Luther challenge the church in 1521? | 1521: Diet of Worms asked Luther to recant; he refused and was declared an outlaw |
| What is perspective? | technique used to give a 2D surface a 3D effect |
| What is a fresco? | painting done of fresh wet plaster with water based paints |
| What did Giotto show in his paintings? | Giotto showed humans with realism and emotion |
| What did Masaccio use in his paintings? | Masaccio used rules of perspective in frescoes (paintings on wet plaster with water-based paints) to create three dimensional figures |
| What did Donotello do? | Donotello studied Greek and Roman statues and made the first free-standing statue since classical times |
| What did Filippo Brunellesci design? | Filippo Brunelleschi designed the church of San Lorenzo in Florence, used columns, rounded arches, and a dome-shaped roof |
| What did the invention of the printing press lead to? | Led to decreased prices for books; increased literacy and the spread of ideas |
Created by:
sossenkopp
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