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PHS Unit 8
Intro to Wellness & Physical Wellness (Nutrition & Digestion)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Digestion | the physical and chemical breakdown of food for use by the body |
| Alimentary canal | long muscular tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus |
| Accessory organs | salivary glands, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| Mouth | receives food as it enters the body |
| Teeth | masticate (chew) |
| Tongue | taste and manipulate food |
| Hard/soft palate | separates the mouth from the nasal cavities and nasopharynx |
| Uvula | prevents food from entering the nasopharynx |
| Salivary glands | produce saliva |
| Pharynx | carries both air and food |
| Food bolus | when food is mixed with saliva |
| Epiglottis | cartilage flap that prevents food from entering the trachea |
| Esophagus | muscular tube behind the trachea that carries food to the stomach |
| Peristalsis | rhythmic, wave-like movement that helps carry food throughout the alimentary canal |
| Stomach | digests and breaks down food with gastric acids |
| Cardiac sphincter | circular muscle that separates the esophagus and stomach |
| Pyloric sphincter | circular muscle that separates the stomach and small intestine |
| Chyme | semi-liquid material of digested food that enters the small intestine |
| Small intestine | absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream through villi |
| Villi | fingerlike projections on the lining of the small intestines |
| Duodenum | first section of the small intestines that receives bile and pancreatic juices |
| Jejunum | second section of the small intestines |
| Ileum | third section of the small intestines |
| Large intestines | absorbs water and stores feces |
| Rectum | storage area for feces |
| Anus | expels feces/stool |
| Liver | secretes bile and detoxifies substances |
| Gallbladder | stores bile |
| Bile | substance that helps to digest fats |
| Pancreas | organ that produces juices for the small intestines and insulin for the blood stream |
| Nutrition | all body processes relating to food |
| Nutritional status | condition of one’s nutrition |
| Malnutrition | state of poor nutrition |
| Atherosclerosis | fatty build-up in the arteries caused by too much fat in the diet |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure caused by too much salt or fat in the diet |
| Osteoporosis | condition when the bones become porous that is caused by a calcium or vitamin D deficiency |
| Diabetes | inability to control blood sugar caused by obesity |
| Carbohydrates | major source of energy (breads, pastas, potatoes) |
| Lipids | concentrated form of energy, cushions and insulates the body |
| Saturated fat | solid at room temperature (meats) |
| Bad cholesterol | contributes to atherosclerosis |
| Unsaturated fat | soft or oily at room temperature (vegetable oils) |
| Good cholesterol | prevents atherosclerosis |
| Protein | build and repair tissue and regular body functions |
| Complete proteins | contain all 9 essential amino acids (meats, fish, eggs) |
| Incomplete proteins | do not contain all 9 essential amino acids (beans, nuts) |
| Vitamins | organic compounds that are essential to life |
| Minerals | inorganic elements |
| Water | makes up most of the body tissue/cells |
| Mechanical digestion | occurs in the mouth |
| Chemical digestion | occurs in the stomach |
| Absorption | occurs in the small intestines |
| Metabolism | occurs in the cells |
| National Wellness Institute's definition of wellness | An active process through which people become aware of, and make choices towards a more successful existence. |
| WHO's definition of wellness | Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social we-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. |
| Physical wellness | maintaining a healthy body and seeking care when needed |
| Social wellness | helps you perform social roles effectively and comfortably, and create a support network |
| Intellectual Wellness | involves having an open mind when you encounter new ideas and continuing to expand your knowledge |
| Emotional Wellness | relates to understanding your feelings and coping effectively with stress |
| Occupational Wellness | is about enjoying your occupational endeavors and appreciating your contributions |
| Spiritual Wellness | allows you to develop a set of values that help you seek meaning and purpose |
| Environmental Wellness | encourages you to respect the delicate balance between the environment and ourselves |
| calorie | amount of heat produced during metabolsim |
| therapeutic diet | modification of a normal diet used to improve a specific health condition |
| My Plate | Tool provided by the government to help make well-balanced food choices |
| List the three most important things on a food label | serving size, calories and daily value (DV) |
| 5/20 rule | Helps make a healthy choice from a food label. |
Created by:
vorachekt
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