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Endocrine Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Addison disease | Chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones. |
| adenoma | Tumour of a gland. |
| antidiurectic | Vasopression: promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys. |
| adrenal cortex | Outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids. |
| adrenalectomy | Surgical excision of an adrenal gland. |
| adrenal glands | Two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroids and sex hormones. |
| adrenal medulla | Inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| aldosterone | Steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels. |
| atrophy | Lack of development. |
| Cortisol | A glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. |
| Cushing syndrome | Disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids. |
| diabetes mellitus | A common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities. |
| dwarfism | A condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction. |
| endocrinology | The study of ductless glands, their secretions and their function of homeostasis. |
| epinephrine | Adenaline - produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy and dilates the bronchial tubes. |
| endocrine glands | Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream. |
| exophthalmos | Protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Graves disease. |
| gigantism | Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty. |
| glucogenesis | Formation of glucose from glycogen. |
| glucocorticoids | Steriods in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. |
| glycogen | Substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar. |
| hyperglycemia | Excessive amount of sugar in the blood. |
| Hyperinsulinism | Excessive amount of insulin in the blood-insulin shock. |
| hypersecretion | Excessive secretion. |
| hypocalcemia | Abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood. |
| hypoglycemia | Too little sugar in the blood. |
| hypogonadism | Underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands. |
| hypokalemia | Extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis. |
| hyposecretion | Inadequate secretion. |
| islets of Langerhans | Clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon. |
| ketoacidosis | An acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and eventually, coma. |
| metabolism | Processes in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life. |
| mineralocorticoids | Hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body. |
| norepinephrine | Noradrenaline;producted in the adrenal medulla, increases blood pressure and constricts vessels. |
| oral hypoglycemics | Medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. |
| pancreas | An organ that contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon. |
| parathyroid glands | Four separate glands that are located on the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland. |
| pineal gland | Pine-cone shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain which secretes melatonin. |
| pituitary gland | Hypophysis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain. |
| polydipsia | Excessive thirst. |
| polyphagia | A condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food. |
| serum glucose tests | Blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency. |
| somatotropin | Human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe. |
| thyroid echogram | Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland. |
| thyroid gland | Largest gland on the endocrine system. Located in the neck, just below the larynx. |
| thyrotoxic | Thyroid poisoning. |
| thyrotoxicosis | Abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland. |
| thyroxine (T4) | One of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels. |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | One of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland. |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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