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Red Module
Endocrine Spelling with Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Addison disease | chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones |
| adenoma | tumor of a gland |
| antidiuretic hormone | Vasopressin: promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys |
| adrenal cortex | outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids |
| adrenalectomy | surgical excision of an adrenal gland |
| adrenal glands | two bean-shaped glands situated on top oof the kidneys which secrete steroids and sex hormones |
| adrenal medulla | inner section of the adrenal gland which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| aldosterone | steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. is essential to life. maintain sodium and potassium levels |
| atrophy | lack of development |
| cortisol | a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| Cushing syndrome | disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids |
| diabetes mellitus | a common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either too much or too little quantities |
| dwarfism | a condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction |
| endocrinology | the study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis |
| epinephrine | adrenaline - produced in the adrenal medulla. increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes |
| endocrine glands | glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Graves disease |
| gigantism | abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty |
| glucogenesis | formation of glucose from glycogen |
| glucocorticoids | steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins |
| glycogen | substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar |
| hyperglycemia | excessive amount of sugar in the blood |
| hyperinsulinism | excessive amount of insulin in the blood - insulin shock |
| hypersecretion | excessive secretion |
| hypocalcemia | abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | too little sugar in the blood |
| hypogonadism | underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands |
| hypokalemia | extreme depletion of potassium in the body usually lost in diuresis |
| hyposecretion | inadequate secretion |
| islets of Langerhans | clusters of cells in the pancreas whcih produce insulin and glucagon |
| ketoacidosis | an acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and, eventually, coma |
| metabolism | process in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life |
| mineralocorticoids | hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body |
| norepinephrine | noradrenaline: produced in the adrenal mendulla. increases blood pressure and constricts vessels |
| oral hypoglycemics | medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin |
| pancreas | an organ that contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon |
| parathyroid glands | four seperate glands that are located on the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland |
| pineal gland | pine-coned shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain whcih secretes melatonin |
| pituitary gland | hypophysis: pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | a condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food |
| serum glucose tests | blood tests to aid in the digestion of insulin deficiency |
| somatotropin | human growth hormone found in the anterior pitutiary lobe |
| thyroid echogram | ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid gland | largest gland on the endocrine system. located in the neck, just below the larynx |
| thyrotoxicosis | abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland |
| thyrotoxine (T4) | one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. regulates metabolism and energy levels |
| triidothyronine (T3) | one of the two marjor hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland |
Created by:
DawnLangridge
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