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ENHS APWH E. Europe
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Politics 8000 BCE-600CE | Religion based Hierarchal system Delegation of responsibility Bureaucratic codification 6th century Justinian rule – restore Rome |
| Politics 600-1450 CE | Mongol invasion 1237-1241 - Russia divided into small kingdoms Tartars control - left day to day control to locals |
| Politics 1450-1750 CE | Ivan III/IV - Free from Mongols – 1480 Empire expanded eastward Russia – centralization of authority Peter the Great – St. Petersburg as capital Parliamentary government Secret police First Russian navy |
| Politics 1750-1900 CE | Russia – tsar continued to be all powerful Prussia – remained militaristic and authoritarian Duma created, but no real power Local rulers – zemstvoes regulate roads, schools Military officers based on meritocracy |
| Politics 1900-present | WWI; Tsarist regime falls apart Army in full retreat USSR formed – collapses following cold war Soviet troops occupy all of eastern Europe Gorbachev tries to reform frees E. European nations updated authoritarian structure in reality |
| Economy 8000 BCE-600CE | Byzantine empire Most important western terminal of the Silk Road Constantinople located on important trade routs |
| Economy 600-1450 CE | Trade lapsed under Tartars North-south commerce never returned Moscow – trade, tribute collector Most part, |
| Economy 1450-1750 CE | Key economy bound to agriculture Devalued merchant class Limited commercial exchange Systemized tax system Metallurgy and mining Economics funded military remained agricultural Trades with nomadic people |
| Economy 1750-1900 CE | Backward position in trade Exported some grain to W. Europe Trade deficit lessened by increasing serf output, not improving industry - realizes the need to industrialize But sill doesn’t want to be materialistic |
| Economy 1900-present | COMECON Economies nationalized Collectivization under state planned control Soviet welfare system Focus on heavy industry Lenin’s New economic policy Russia-five year plan |
| Social Class/Gender 8000 BCE-600CE | Serfdom began in Middle Age Original sin devalues women |
| Social Class/Gender 600-1450 CE | Influx of jews Monogamy replaced polygamy Fairly free farmers Boyars-aristocrats-less political power |
| Social Class/Gender 1450-1750 CE | Feudalism Peter the Great encourages serfdom Women and nobles forced to dress in western fashions Men shaved beards – denial of Mongol tradition Power to upper class women |
| Social Class/Gender 1750-1900 CE | Emancipating serfs 1861 -but most indebted, life doesn’t improve Increased literacy Some upper class women have access to new careers Pogroms against Jews |
| Social Class/Gender 1900-present | Muslim population growth Lenin’s New Economic Policy gave freedom to small businesses, peasant landowners – more power Education started to spread – literacy |
| Science/Inventions 8000 BCE-600CE | |
| Science Inventions 600-1450 CE | |
| Science Inventions 1450-1750 CE | Focus on Serfs-cheap labor force impeded invention or new scientific ideas John Desarguliers builds first steam engine outside England |
| Science Inventions 1750-1900 CE | Western machinery imported Outdated agricultural methods – hard to compete Mendel and some peas, Pavlov and his dog |
| Science Inventions 1900-present | Cold War – Arms race, space race Scientists highly respected Research heavily funded Direction/research determined by government – want applied science |
| Art/Architecture 8000 BCE-600CE | Hagia Sophia Mosaic Religion based |
| Art/Architecture 600-1450 CE | Ornate churches Icons, illuminated manuscripts Religious art vs. local music, street performers & theater |
| Art/Architecture 1450-1750 CE | Not part of Renaissance due to illiterate Mongols Architecture of city done by serfs Romanov Policy - Italian artists/architects to work on churches/palaces |
| Art/Architecture 1750-1900 CE | Beginning of some arts flourish -Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Tchaikivsky Nationalist pride through dictionaries, histories, folktales, music |
| Art/Architecture 1900-present | Art-attacked western style Classical arts Literature walked line of angering government – still discussed patriotism/Russian |
| Empire 8000 BCE-600CE | Byzantine Empire |
| Empire 600-1450 CE | Kievan Rus could not replicate Byzantine Kievan decline – rival princes set up regional governments Rapid decline of Byzantium |
| Empire 1450-1750 CE | Connection to Byzantine Empire - married niece of emperor Expansion – fought Ottoman Empire Fall of Byzantine Empire (1453) |
| Empire 1750-1900 CE | |
| Empire 1900-present | USSR |
| Religion 8000 BCE-600CE | Animist – gods of sun, thunder, wind and fire |
| Religion 600-1450 CE | Vladimir I convert to Christianity forced conversion Splendor of Orthodox religious ceremonies Religion allowed to have vernacular languages |
| Religion 1450-1750 CE | Orthodox Christianity moved to Moscow Romanov family – state control over Russian Orthodox Church |
| Religion 1750-1900 CE | Russification – all Russians had to convert to Orthodoxy |
| Religion 1900-present | Soviet schools taught religion as myth under Stalin No church service to under 18 |
Created by:
ear933
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