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8.6 TERMS- complete
Terminology of the Female Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abruptio placentae | complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor |
| acid phosphatase | enzyme from prostate gland found in semen, presence in vagina indicates sexual intercourse |
| adnexa | conjoined, subordinate, or associated anatomic parts |
| alpha fetoprotein | a serum protein produced during pregnancy, useful in the prenatal diagnosis of multiple births or birth defects |
| Apgar score | procedure that assigns a score to a newborn after birth to assess heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, response to stimulation and skin color |
| areola (pl. areolae) | the pigmented area around the nipple |
| Bartholin glands | either of two small, oval, mucus-secreting glands, one on each side of the base of the vagina |
| Braxton Hicks | uterine contractions during the last trimester of pregnancy to strengthen itself in preparation for childbirth |
| breech | a fetus that is presented at the uterine cervix buttocks or legs first |
| cerclage | procedure to place a purse-string suture around the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely |
| cervix | the neck of the uterus |
| cesarean section | procedure to deliver a fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus |
| chorion | the outermost membrane around the embryo |
| cilia (sing. cilium) | a minute short hairlike process often forming part of a fringe |
| climacteric | a period of life characterized by physiological and psychic change that marks the end of the reproductive capacity of women and terminates with the completion of menopause. |
| clitoris | the organ of sexual response in the female |
| colostrums | the first thick, yellowish milk from the breasts after childbirth |
| contraception | intentional prevention of conception or impregnation through the use of various devices, agents, drugs, sexual practices, or surgical procedures |
| corpus | the main part of a bodily structure or organ |
| corpus luteum | the ruptured ovarian follicle that has filled with fat |
| curet (also curette) | a scoop-shaped surgical instrument for removing tissue from body cavities, as the uterus. |
| descensus | Latin for “falling from a higher position” |
| elective | beneficial to the patient but not essential for survival |
| gestational diabetes mellitus | temporary disorder of glucose metabolism during pregnancy |
| disproportion | out of proportion, as a baby with a large skull and a mother with a small pelvis |
| dysfunctional | not functioning normally |
| eclampsia | a severe disorder of pregnancy with increased blood pressure, edema, weight gain and protein in the urine, can be fatal |
| embryo | a fertilized human egg after 4 days of development through the 8th week of development |
| exfoliative | coming off in scales, as scaling skin or any structure separating in flakes |
| fetus | a human embryo after 8 weeks of development |
| fimbriae (sing. fimbria) | moving, fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine (fallopian) tube |
| follicle | a small bodily cavity or sac |
| fontanel | any of the soft membranous gaps between the incompletely formed cranial bones of a fetus or an infant. (Also “soft spot”) |
| fornix | an anatomical arch or fold |
| fundus | the base of an organ or the part farthest away from its opening |
| gamete | a mature ovum |
| gene | a hereditary unit on a chromosome, determines a particular characteristic in an organism, and is capable of replicating itself at each cell division. |
| genitalia | the organs of the reproductive system (Latin for “pertaining to generation and birth”) |
| gravida | Latin for “pregnant woman” or “pregnancy” |
| hydatidiform mole | an abnormal mass in the uterus |
| hymen | fold of mucous membrane partly or wholly closing the orifice of the vagina |
| in situ | in the natural or original position or place; in situ cancer - confined to the breast duct |
| in utero | still within the uterus |
| in vitro | outside the living body and in an artificial environment of cells |
| incompetent | unable to function properly |
| inertia | lack of activity or movement —used especially of the uterus in labor when its contractions are weak or irregular |
| infundibulum | the funnel-shaped part of the uterine (fallopian) tube |
| introitus | the orifice of a body cavity, especially the vaginal opening (Latin for “entrance”) |
| jaundice | yellowish discoloration of the skin in a newborn |
| labia majora | the two outer rounded folds of adipose tissue that lie on either side of the vaginal opening and that form the external lateral boundaries of the vulva |
| labia minora | the two thin inner folds of skin within the vestibule of the vagina enclosed within the cleft of the labia majora |
| lecithin | a component of surfactant that keeps alveoli from collapsing with each exhalation |
| lochia | small amounts of blood, tissue, and fluid which flow from the uterus after birth |
| lumpectomy | procedure to excise a small malignant tumor of the breast |
| luteinizing hormone | hormone that stimulates a follicle each month to rupture and release an ovum and stimulate the follicle to secrete estradiol and progesterone |
| malpresentation | presentation of a part of a fetus other than the back of the head during parturition |
| meconium | the first thick, greenish-black, sticky stool from a newborn |
| menses | the monthly flow of blood and cellular debris from the uterus that begins at puberty and ceases at menopause |
| mons pubis | the rounded, fleshy pad with pubic hair that overlies the pubic bone |
| Nägele’s rule | procedure used to calculate the patient’s estimated date of birth or due date |
| nurse midwife | allied health professional who (with a physician) manage a patient’s prenatal care, delivery and postpartum care |
| os | an opening into a hollow organ or canal |
| ovary | one of the paired female reproductive organs that produce ova and certain sex hormones, including estrogen |
| ovum (pl. ova) | the female reproductive cell or gamete; egg |
| Pap smear | screening cytology test used to detect abnormal cells or carcinoma in the cervix |
| para | Latin meaning “to bring forth” |
| peau d’orange | dimpling of skin like that of an orange peel |
| pica | an unnatural craving for and compulsive eating of substances with no nutritional value |
| placenta | the organ formed in the uterus from the uterine mucous membrane and the membranes of the fetus, providing for nourishment of the fetus and the elimination of its waste products |
| placenta previa | incorrect position of the placenta either partially or completely covering the birth canal |
| progesterone | hormone secreted by a ruptured follicle after ovulation |
| prolapse | the falling down or slipping of a body part from its usual position |
| proliferative | capable of growing or multiplying by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring |
| prostaglandin | a hormone-like compound that constricts blood vessels in the uterine wall to prevent excessive bleeding |
| prosthesis | an artificial device to replace or augment a missing or impaired part of the body |
| Skene’s glands | glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra |
| speculum | any of various instruments for insertion into a body passage to facilitate visual inspection |
| sphingomyelin | a phospholipid in amniotic fluid, higher when the fetal lungs are immature |
| tenaculum | a long, scissors-like instrument with two curved, pointed ends used to grasp the cervix |
| testosterone | male hormone secreted by cells around the follicle; plays a role in female sexual drive |
| trimester | each of 3 periods of pregnancy lasting 3 months |
| ultrasound | vibrations of the same physical nature as sound but with frequencies above the range of human hearing |
| umbilicus | the depression in the center of the surface of the abdomen indicating the point of attachment of the umbilical cord to the embryo; (also navel) |
| uterus | the hollow, muscular organ of female mammals in which the embryo develops |
| vagina | a canal in females that leads from the uterus to the external orifice opening into the vestibule between the labia minora |
| vernix caseosa | a thick, white cheesy substance that covers the skin of a newborn |
| vertex | a fingerlike projection that the chorion sends ot to implant in the endometrium |
| villus | the top of the head |
| vulva | the external genitals of human females, including the labia, mons veneris, clitoris, and the vaginal orifice (Latin for “a covering for the womb”) |
| zygote | the cell formed by the union of the nuclei of two reproductive cells (gametes), especially a fertilized egg cell |
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