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WH: Ch 12 & Ch 13
IMPERIALISM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Imperialism | policy by which a stronger nation creates an empire by dominating a weaker nation economically, politically, culturally, militarily |
| White Man's Burden | poem by Rudyard Kipling that expresses the view of paternalism toward native cultures |
| economic, political, military, humanitarian, Scoail Darwinism | reasons for imperialism |
| Social Darwinism | belief that certain nations and races are superior to others; survival of the fittest cultures |
| paternalistic | the system of governing a country as a father would govern a child |
| protectorate | colony which retains local ruler, but loses independence |
| Boers | Dutch colonists in South Africa |
| Sierra Leone | independent colony in Africa established by the English for freed slaves |
| Liberia | independent colony established by US for freed slaves |
| missionaries | those who brought Christianity to colonies; built schools, medical clinics, churches |
| Dr. David Livingstone | English explorer and missionary who crisscrossed Africa, writing abouth their cultures and trying to end the slave trade |
| Henry Stanley | journalist who went to Central Africa, looking for Dr. Livingstone |
| Boer War | conflict fought between Boers and English over land in Africa that had diamonds and gold |
| Ethiopia | African nation ruled by Menelik II that defeated and ended the Italian invasion |
| balance of trade | the difference between how much a country exports compared to how much it imports |
| trade surplus | exports are greater than imports (good) |
| trade deficit | imports are greater thatn exports (bad) |
| Opium War | conflict between British and China over importation of opium in trade for tea; Chinese lost |
| Treaty of Nanjing | treaty that ended the Opium War; China lost Hong Kong to British; China required to open ports to trade |
| Taiping Rebellion | Chinese peasant revolt; 20-30 million Chinese died |
| Sino-Japanese War | war between China and Japan; China was defeated and loses Taiwan to Japan; Europeans move in to carve up "spheres of influence" |
| sphere of influence | areas of economic and political control |
| Open Door Policy | US policy requiring trading rights in China |
| Boxer Rebellion | nationalist Chinese known as the Righteous Harmonious Fists rebel against foreign influence; multinational forces defeat Boxers |
| Admiral Perry | admiral sent to Japan to open ports to US trade |
| Singapore | SE Asian country known as Malaya which becomes British colony |
| Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia | SE Asian countries known as Indochina which become French colonies |
| Thailand | SE Asian country known as Siam which remains independent (buffer zone, played Britain against France) |
| Spanish American War | war between Spain and US that begins in Havana harbor (Cuba) over the sinking of the USS Maine |
| Philippines | Pacific islands (Spanish colony) that are the site of first battle of Spanish American War; will not gain independence from US until 1946 |
| Aguinaldo | leader of Philippine Insurrection against US control of the Philippines |
| bases for supplies (coaling stations), strategic locations, business investments | reasons for US imperialism in PAcific |
| Queen Liliokalani | monarch of Hawaii who was deposed by Sanford Dole |
| Sanford Dole | US investor who had plantations in Hawaii |
| Santa Anna | Mexican general who clashed with US settlers in Texas; loses and the settlers establish Republic of Texas |
| Mexican American War | caused by US annexation of Texas; Mexico loses and cedes land to US |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | results in the Mexican Cession (California, Arizona, New Mexico and US/Mexico border) |
| mercantilism | theory that colonies are a source of raw materials and a market for finished products |
| Monroe Doctrine | US policy that told Europe to not interfere in Latin America |
| Platt Amendment | amendment to the Cuba constitution that gave the US naval bases in Cuba and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs |
| Roosevelt Corollary | an addition to the Monroe Doctrine; US becomes an international police power" |
| Panama Canal | built by the UNited States to join the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean through the Isthmus of Panama |
| Columbia | Latin American nation that formerly owned the Isthmus of Panama |
| Big Stick Theory | Roosevelt belief: speak softly and carry a big stick"; policy in Latin America |
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