Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
phlebotomy
reveiw notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osha? | occupational saftey and health administrations |
| what vaccination does OSHA require all health care personnel get? | OSHA requires that all health care personnel exposed to blood and other bodily fluids must recieve a vaccination agaisnt Hepatitis B. |
| Pulmonary Edema | fluid in the lungs. |
| How much blood can a person donate in a session. | 500ML |
| Patients have the right to what? | under the Patients Bill of Rights they always have the option to decline medical treatment and to know what tests are being performed on them. |
| what can you NOT give a patient? | Results and a diagnoses. Because you are not medically qualified to do so. |
| Negligence is? | failure to give appropriate care. DONT BE NEGLIGENT! |
| PPe stands for | Personal Protective Equipment. |
| One of the most important practices is? | Hand washing is one of the most important (and easiest) practices used to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens. |
| Needles should never be | Recapped. |
| Sharps containers must be what? | Puncture-resistant, leak proof on the sides and bottom and must be labeled or color-coded. |
| IN infection control, WHO is the agent? | Person |
| In infection control, WHAT is the portal of exit? | Needle. |
| in infection control WHAT can we control? | Mode of Transmission OR exit of infection. |
| In infection control WHAT is a portal of entry? | Mucus membrane |
| In infection control WHO is a susceptile host? | Person |
| Mode of Transmission | Specific whats in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host. |
| ALLERGIC reaction* | latex sensitivity is a physical reaction to a health worker but a allergic reaction to the pt. |
| types of hazards | biologic, chemical, physical, fire and explosive and sharps |
| biologic | infectious agent that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. |
| chemical | toxin, carcinogenic, caustic |
| fire and explosive | Bunsen burners oxygen and chemicals that can cause burns or dismemberments |
| sharps | needle, lancets, broken glass anything that can cut, pierce, and or puncture causing blood borne pathogens exposure |
| physical | wet floors, heavy lifting cause falls, sprains and strains. |
| five main types or mode of transmission | contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle and vector borne. |
| Contact | direct and indirect (fomite) |
| droplet | cold, flu, and sneezing |
| airborne | viral- breath in |
| common vehicle | person, fomite and not hand washing |
| vector borne | illness that is transmitted through an invertebrate such as an insect |
| mode of infection | the point in the infection chain where we aim at preventing the spread of infectious disease |
| standard precautions do what? | infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using a barrier of protection and work control practices |
| what do we assume all Pts to be? | Patients are presumed to be infective for blood borne pathogens |
| standard precautions consists of what? | gloves, face shields, disposal and disinfectants |
| medical asepsis | this condition is best defined as " the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body" it also involves environmental hygiene measures such as equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures. |
| what are barrier protections? | masks, gloves, face shields, respirator gloves |
| how do you remove PPE equipment? | 1st- gloves 2nd- gown 3rd- shields. |
| what type of soap should be used? | non-abrasive, antibacterial soap |
| what do you do if blood splashes in the eye or mucous membrane? | flush with warm water (hotter the better) for 15 mins report to supervisor asap. |
| who cannot be identified in an incident report? | a minor |
| bedside manner includes? | introduce yourself, verify pt. explain procedure, small talk, advise them when your ready to poke, and speak to them on a first name basis. |
| what phase is best practice? | "pleasant with the pt, professional with the poke" |
| if pt has an I.V where do you draw blood? | downstream from the I.V. |
| double mastectomy pts should only have blood drawn from what? | hands. |
| left mastectomy pts should have blood drawn from what side? | right. |
| what is fistula? | artificial connections of veins. |
| what is graft? | artificial artery connections of veins. |
| sclerosis is? | hard and cord like veins. |
| for obese pts what vein is used? | cephalic vein is most likely to be the one you can palpate and draw blood from. |
| cephalic means? | head. |
| most common complication in phlebotomy | hematoma |
| to prevent a hematoma | prevented if pressure is placed on the venipuncture sire until bleeding stops |
| if a pt faints what is the 1st thing to do ? | get the needle out of the arm |
| vasovagal syncope is | fainting dizziness before, during or after venipuncture |
| circulatory system function | is to deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to the cells. transport cellular waste such as carbon dioxide and urea to the organs where they can be expelled from the body. |
| circulatory exchange is done where? | capillary level |
| 45% of blood is | formed elements |
| formed elements | erythrocytes (red blood cells) = 99% of formed elements leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets) |
| all blood cells originate from | stem cells in the bone marrow |
| the heart acts as what | two pumps (right and left sides) |
| left and right sides of heart are connected by | two circulations with each pump equipped with two valves the function of which is to maintain a one way flow of blood |
| pulmonary circulations | carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lunges (alveoli) and return oxygenated blood from the lunges to the left atrium |
| oxygenation takes place | at the alveoli - sacks in the lunges |
| systemic circulation | carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body |
| tricuspid valve | an atrioventricular valve, being situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| pulmonic valve | semi lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
| mitral valve | (bicuspid valve) is another atrioventricaular valve, being situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| aortic valve | semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| how long does it take for a full circulation? | one min |
| the average person weighting 155 pds has | app. 5-6 liters of blood in their system |
| blood composes of | 7-9% of total body weight of a person |
| blood has how much plasma? | 55% is plasma |
| plasma is what? | a clear, pale yellow fluid |
| what does plasma do | it carries nutrients, lipids, glucose, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, antibodies as wells as vitamins and hormones ect. |
| what is 45% of blood | RBC, WBC and platelets. known as the formed cellular elements. |
| how long does your body take to regenerate RBC you lose during donation | 6-8 weeks if you donate the maximum of 500ml |
| three layers of the heart | endocardium, myocardium, Epicardium |
| Endocardium | the endothelial inner layer lining of the heart |
| myocardium | the muscular layer, this is the contractile element of the heart |
| Epicardium | the fibrous outer layer of the heart. the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart are found in this layer |
| blood vessels are | aorta, arteries, arterioles, caplliaries, venules and veins, superior and inferior vena cava |
| Erythrocytes | red blood cells (RBC) |
| Erythocrytes contain | hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein |
| hemoglobin | enters the blood as an immature reticulocyte where in one to two days, it matures into erythrocyte |
| how many RBS's per microliter | 4.2 to 6.2 million RBC's per microliter of blood. |
| what is the normal lifespan of RBC's | is 120 days |
| what is leukocytes function | provide the body protection against infection |
| how many WBC's for adults per microliter | 5,000-10,000 |
| leukocytosis is what? | an increase in WBC's is seen in the case of infection and leukemia |
| Leukopenia is what? | a decrease in WBC's is seen with viral infection or chemotherapy |
| how many types of WBC's are in the blood? | 5 |
| a differential count does what? | determines the percentage of each type |
| neutrophils are what? | phagocytic cells, meaning they engulf and digest bacteria. their number increase in bacterial infection |
| neutrophils comprise how much of WBC's population | 40-60 percent of WBC's population |
| lymphocytes do what? | their numbers increase in viral infection, they also play a role in immunity |
| lymphocytes comprise how much of the WBC population | 20-40 percent of the WBC population |
| monocytes do what? | increase in intracellular infection and tuberculosis |
| monocytes comprise how much of the WBC population? | 3-8 percent and are the largest WBC's |
| Eosinophils do what? | they are active against antibody-labeled foreign molecules |
| Eosinophils increase | in allergies, skin infections, and parasite infections |
| ensinophils come | first in allergic reactions. during an allergic reaction it would show and increase in Eosinophil count |
| Basophils do what | release histamine |
| Basophils count for what of the WBC's population | 0-1% in the blood |
| thrombocytes are essential for what? | blood coagulation |
| thrombocytes are also known as | platelets are small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm in bone marrow |
| three major veins are located | in the antecubital fossa |
| the three major veins are? | median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilica vein |
| 1st order of draw | red topper tube |
| red top also known as | plain vacuum tube and contains no additive or anticoagulant |
| collected blood clots by normal coagulation process is | 30 minutes |
| do you need to invert a red tube? | No |
| common tests for red tubes are | serum chemistry, serology, blood bank, Lytes |
| arterial blood gad (ABG) sample must be run within | 15 minutes of collection |
| arterial blood is used to determine | blood gas levels and blood PH. usually collected by a nurse or respitory therapist |
| basal state is | when the patient has fasted and not exercised is 12 hours. |
| do you note if a patient has not fasted? | yes |
| 2nd order of draw? | light blue |
| light blue has what additive? | sodium citrate different ratios |
| light blue tubes must be inverted many times | 5-10 |
| light blue tubes are used to test | coagulation determinations on plasma specimens, certain test require chilled specimens, always fill to max fill line |
| 3rd order of draw color is | tiger top/gold top |
| tiger top/gold top have what additive | clot activator- or glass particles fix tropic gel |
| blood coagulates with additive in | 15-30 minutes |
| 4th order of draw | green top, mint top, hash marks on label |
| mint green top has what additive | PST-Plasma separator tube |
| Green top has what additive | heparin combined with sodium and lithium and ammonium ion |
| Hash marked tube has what additive | sodium heparin |
| common tests for green tubes are | ammonia carboxyhemoglobin (HCG= human chorionic gonadotropin (hormone) test for pregnancy) STAT lytes |
| Lytes are? | Electrolytes- potassium, sodium |
| BMP Panel is | Basic, Metobolic, Panel |
| A panel is | a group of tests ordered together |
| sodium additive tubes test for | lithium |
| 5th order of draw tube color is | lavender |
| lavender tube has what additive? | EDTA- Ethylenediaminetetraacetate |
| BMP- Chem 8 tiger/gold tube | Basic Metatbolic panel |
| CMP-chem 14 tiger/ gold tube | comprehensive metabolic panel |
| Dark purple tube has | 7 ML of EDTA- calcium binding agent |
| LT purple tube has | 3.6 ml of EDTA- calcium binding agent |
| pink top tubes are used for | blood banks/ transfusion- for blood typing |
| lavender top tubes are used for | CBC-complete blood count, CBCAN- complete blood count automatic differential, CBCDN- complete blood count manual differential |
| ESR-lavender top tube | Erythrocytes sedimentation rate |
| ESR test for | suckle cell screening |
| EDTA | inhibits coagulation by binding to calcium in the specimen |
| what tube is used for coagulation studies? | light Blue |
| tubes must be filled | at least2/3 full |
| tubes must be inverted | 8 times |
| hematocrit measures | the percentage of the RBC's in a given volume of whole blood |
| what test is always given before blood donation? | hematocrit |
| 1-blood enters the heart | superior and inferior Vena Cava |
| 2-goes to | Right Atrium |
| 3-from there to | tricuspid valve |
| 4-then onto | right ventricle |
| 5-and now out to the | pulmonary artery and lungs |
| 6-back into the | pulmonary viens |
| 7-then onto the | left atrium |
| 8-moves onto the | Bicuspid valve |
| 9-down to the | left ventricle |
| 10-fonall to your hot dob via the | aorta |
| veins have | valves |
| ABG (arterial Blood Gas) | analyses arterial blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate content in addition to blod PH and used to determine the effectiveness or respiration |
| Aseptic | the absence of microorganisms or by contrast, something that just discourages the growth of microorgansims is antiseptice |
| what are the three preferred veins of the arm for phlebotomy? | cephalic, median cubital, basalic. |
| what artery is to be avoided for venipuncture? | brachial |
| the integumentary system is | skin hair nails |
| the outermost layer of the skin is | epidermis |
| the layer that contains the touch receptor | dermis |
| the fat layer is called | subcutaneous tissue |
| what is the function of the outermost layer | epidermis is dead cells that protect the body. |
| wwhat dermal layer regulates body heat? | the subcutaneous fat layer |
| which layer holds the capillaries | dermis |
| the cardiovascular system comprises | the heart vessels the blood |
| what color is plasma | light yellow |
| 91% of plasma is what | water |
| less than 9% of plasma is mostly made up of what | proteins |
| the function of albumin is to | provide cells nutrients |
| the function of fibrinogen is to | stop bleeding |
| the main function of globublins are to provide | immunity |
| what are the formed elements of blood | RBCs WBCs and platelets |
| the main function of the RBC is to | carry O2 and CO2 |
| the white blood cells proved for what | immunity |
| platelets are in the blood system to do what | stop bleeding... |
| what is a thrombocyte | a platelet |
| which cells move through the body on their own | WBCs |
| what is a leukocyte | WBC |
| what action does a leukocyte use to eliminate an infection | Phagocytosis |
| the heart has how many chambers? | 4 |
| the top chambers are called | atria |
| the bottom chambers are called | ventricles |
| the left chambers of the heart pump blood to where | body |
| the right chambers of the heart pump blood to where | lungs |
| the veins carry blood to where | to the right atria of the heart |
| the arteries are responsible for pumping blood | away from the heart |
| what vessel carries blood to the lungs? | pulmonary artery |
| which vessel carries blood from the lungs to the heart? | pulmonary veins |
| the three kinds of blood vessels | veins, arteries, capillaries |
| capillaries are made up of only one kind of vessel tissue called | tunica intima |
| the blood vessel outer layer is called what | tunica adventia |
| the middle layer of the blood vessel is called the | tunica media |
| what are veniols and arteriols | the small veins and arteries that branch into capillaries |
| what percentage of blood is plasma and formed elements? | 45% plasma, 55% formed elements. |
| what should you do if a vein collapses when drawing a standard vacutainer tube? | change to a smaller tube like pediatric size. |
| routine venipuncture procedure consist of | verify the requisition for test, identify the PT, wash your hands, gloves, palpate the vein |
| cysts | a closed sac in or under the skin lined with epithelium and containing fluid or semi solid material |
| analytical errors | PT. miss id, wrong tube, improper time for collection inadequate fasting improper site preparation med interference |
| Quality Assurance (QA) | program that guarantees quality PT. care by tracking outcome |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| edema | accumulation of fluid in tissues |
| fistula | surgical connection between an artery and vein (opening) |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of vein results from repeated puncture of the vein |
| Petechiae | tiny non raised red spots on the skin from rupturing of capillaries due to tourniquet being left on too long or tight. |
| Thrombus | aggregation of platelets fibrin clotting factors/ the cellular elements of blood attached to the interior wall of the vein or artery |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of vein with clot |
| septicemia | systemic infection |
| trauma | injury to underlying tissues caused by probing of needle |
| hematoma | blood accumulated in the tissue surrounding the vein |
| hema concentration | caused by prolong application of the tourniquet |
| median cubical vein | vein of choice large/ do not tend to move |
| cephalic vein | second choice tend to move use in obese PT. |
| basilica vein | third choice if needle is inserted too deep you may punctured the brachial |
| activated partial thromboplastic time | APTT a test for detecting coagulation defects of the intrinsic system |
| prothrombin time | PT factor @ a plasma protein that is converted to the active form |
| stage 1 of hemostasis vascular phase | injury to blood vessel causes it to constrict slowing flow of blood |
| stage 2 hemostasis platelet phase | injury to endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere to it |
| five types of WBC | neutrophils, lymphocyte, monocytes, basophils, eosinophil's |
| thrombocytes | platelets |
| leukocytes | white blood cells (function provide protection against infection) |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels |
| blood vessel | network of tubes that carry blood |
| pulmonic valve | prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk |
| toxicology | analyzes plasma level of drug/ poisons |
| electrophoresis | analyzes chemical components of blood |
| stage 3 of homeostasis coagulation phase | cascade of interaction of coagulation factors that converts the platelet plug to a stable fibrin clot |
| biologic | pertaining to organisms and their products |
| micro capillary collection dermal | (skin) puncture |
| dermal punctures | example are PKU, glucose (blood sugar) |
| order of blood draw | 1st- lavender 2nd- tubes with additives 3rd- tubes without additives |
| hematology | red and white blood cell counts |
| chemistry | elevates status of organ, body system or general health |
| serology | evaluate PT.s immune response |
| urinalysis | test urine to detect disorder/ infection of kidney and urinary tract |
| microbiology | detection of pathogenic microorganisms |
| stage 4 of hemostasis fibrinolysis | breakdown/ removal of clot |
| microorganisms | disease cause pathogenic |
| molecules | two or more atoms that are covalently bonded |
| buffy coat | grayish white layer of white blood cells |
| packed red blood cells | preparation of blood cells separated from liquid plasma (given in severe anemia ) restore hemoglobin and red cells |
| plasma | liquid portion of white blood / contains active clotting agents |
| capillary tube | used to collect capillary blood samples |
| allosteric | the site other than the active site of an enzyme that bind regulatory molecules |
| gylcohemoglobin | glycosylated hemoglobin the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks |
| erythropoiesis | process of erythrocyte production in the bone marrow |
| hemoglobin | (Hb) complex protein iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lunges/ carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs. |
| elasticity | ability of tissue to regain it original shape/ size after being stretched |
| gauge | caliber of dimension |
| meniscus | curved fibrous cartilage in the knees / other joints |
| glucose | simple sugar found in certain foods (fruits) major source of energy in the blood / animal body fluids |
| morphology | study of physical shape/ size of a specimen |
| metabolism | break down of chemical in food resulting in grouter generation of energy elimination of wastes and other body functions |
| lancet | sharp pointed blade used to obtain a drop of blood for a capillary sample |
| reagent | chemical substance known to react in a specific way |
| emia | mean blood |
| needles are color coded to indicate their | gauge |
| when a lipid panel is ordered | the PT should be fasting for at least 12 hours with water allowed |
| antisepsis | is a technique used on skin for cleaning of germ |
| color tube stopper indicates a blood collection tube containing sodium heparin | Green |
| pre-analytical | means variables affecting the specimen before lab testing |
| blood borne diseases that is most likely to be transmitted by needle-stick is | hepatitis c |
| situation that is unacceptable to use an alcohol-based hand rub | is before eating |
| if you get blood on the outside of the tube you have just filled with blood | wipe the outside of the tube with disinfectant |
| primary cause of a collapsed vein during venipuncture is | blood withdrawn too quickly/ forcefully |
| considering PT safety, the most dangerous phlebotomy practice is | labeling the empty collection tubes before collection |
| Per CLSI the # of unsuccessful venipuncture attempts by an individual phlebotomist should be | no more than 2 |
| when performing a micro-collection procedure the best way to increase blood flow | is to pre-warm the site |
| if you need to collect 5ml of blood on an 18 month old | use the veins on the dorsal hand |
| to identify and verify that the Pt is correct | ask them to state their name and DOB and match it to the requisition |
| antibiotics | destroy or kill bacteria that cause disease |
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | fluid that flows through/ protects the four ventricle of the brain subarachnoid spaces the spinal canal |
| anticoagulants | prevent blood from clotting |
| red blood cell | is most numerous in the circulating blood |
| the rubber sleeve | (at the end opposite the beveled needle tip) on an evacuated tub needle make it possible for use multiple tubes. |
| type and crossmatch (T&C) | identify blood that is compatibility |
| lip emic | serum or plasma that has a white milky appearance |
| remember that hep A | is not a blood borne pathogen |
| phlebotomists are trained | in pre analytical phases in laboratory testing |
| antiseptic to use when cleaning the arm to collect a blood alcohol | is soap and water |
| venipuncture site | should be cleaned in a circular motion from the center to the periphery |
| if your pt does not have a armband on (for identification) | tell the nurse and you cannot collect the blood until the armband is placed on the PT. |
| a chain of custody procedure | is required for specimen where the test result may have legal consequences |
| PHI (protected health information) per HIPAA | is pt name, diagnosis, and phone number |
| if a pt develops a hematoma | during the venipuncture procedure stop, apply pressure to site, raise the arm above the level of the heart and apply a pressure bandage |
| standard precautions | is a two step infection control guideline for hospitalized pt that combines universal precautions and body substance isolation |
| OSHA is the organization | that mandates safe working condition for employees |
| fasting lab test are order | to eliminate the effects of diet on the test result |
| when using evacuated tubes for blood collection | it is crucial to remember to never under fill tubes that contain anticoagulant, use tube past their stated expiration dates immediately invert tubes that contain additives |
| lab test requires serum use | red color topped tub |
| blue stopper | contain the additive sodium citrate |
| capillary blood sampling | require very little blood |
| if your tub adapter become contaminated | with blood disposed of it in a biohazard waste container |
| middle finger | is recommended site for performing a skin puncture in an older child or adult |
| informed consent | PT voluntarily permits touching, examination and or treatment |
| dependability | is example of an ethical work characteristic |
| good way to earn a PT trust | is act knowledgeable convey sincerity and look professional |
| brachial veins | is your last choice from which to collect a blood specimen |
| aspect of professionalism | is communication skills ethical behavior and time management |
| venous access devices | (VAD) |
| if a pt has clotting disorder pressure should be applied to site for | at least 5mins. |
| purpose for doing blood cultures | is to detect septicemia |
| post prandial | after meal |
| anticoagulants | prevents formation of fibrin (blood clotting) |
| anticoagulants EDTA | works by binding calcium |
| hand washing | is the most important means of preventing the spread of infection |
| AIDS | is caused by HIV virus |
| you have a statistically greater chance of contracting | hepatitis in a work related incident than you do contracting AIDS |
| most prevalent type of nosocomial infections | are those of the urinary tract |
| tourniquets | prevents venous outflow of blood causing the veins to bulge |
| tourniquets may | be left on 1 min |
| yellow top tube | (sterile) contains anticoagulant sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) use for cultured specimens invert 8 times |
| Red/gray | (speckled) top called tiger top serum separator common test- serum chemistry test/ serology test/ blood bank |
| proper way to dispose of a needle is to | put it into a sharps container with out recapping STAT. after withdrawing it |
| homeostasis | process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury |
| ethical behavior | standard of right and wrong |
| pulmonary circulation | carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle |
| systemic circulation | carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle |
Created by:
sno413
Popular Medical sets