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MED101 Chapter 5
The Human Body: An Orientation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdominal Cavity | The space within the abdominal walls between the diaphragm and the pelvic area |
| Anterior or Ventral | The front of a structure |
| Blood system | Includes blood and all its components |
| Body Cavity | Any space in the human body that contain organs |
| Cardiovascular system | the network of anatomical structures including heart and blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body |
| Cell | The fundamental unit of all living tissue |
| Connective tissue | Tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts |
| Coronal plane | any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet |
| Cranial cavity | The cavity of the skull containing the brain and other tissue |
| Deep | Through or away from the surface |
| Diaphragm | A dome-shaped musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| Digestive system | The organs, structures, and accessory glands of the digestive tube of the body through which food passes from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach and intestines. |
| Distal | away from or the farthest from a point of origin or attachment |
| Dorsal Cavity | is on the back side of the body and is divided into two cavities, the cranial and spinal cavities |
| Endocrine system | the network of ductless glands and other structures that elaborate and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| Epigastric region | the part of the abdomen in the upper zone between the right and left hypochondriac regions |
| Epithelial tissue | a closely packed single or stratified layer of cells covering the body and lining its cavities |
| Frontal Plane | any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet |
| Hypochondriac Regions | the part of the abdomen in the upper zone of both sides of the epigastric region and beneath the cartilages of the lower ribs |
| Hypogastric region | the most inferior part of the abdomen in the lower zone between the right and left inguinal regions and below the umbilical region |
| Iliac or inguinal region | the part of the abdomen surrounding the inguinal canal in the lower zone on both sides of the pubic region |
| Inferior | situated below a given point of reference |
| integumentary system | the skin and its appendages, hair, nails, and sweat and sebaceous glands |
| Lateral Plane | To the side, horizontal |
| Left lower quadrant | Contains parts of the intestines and parts of the reproductive organs in females |
| Left Upper quadrant | contains the stomach, spleen and parts of the liver, pancreas and intestines |
| Lumbar regions | the part of the abdomen in the middle zone on both sides of the umbilical region |
| Lymphatic and immune system | complex network of capillaries, thin vessels, valves, ducts, nodes, and organs that help protect and maintain the internal fluid environment of the body |
| Medial | pertaining to the midline of the body |
| Midsagittal plane | a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves and passes approximately through the sagittal suture of the skull |
| Muscle tissue | is able to contract and expand allowing the body to move |
| Musculoskeletal system | all the muscles bones joints and related structures; that function in the movement of the body parts and organs |
| Nerve | one or more bundles of impulse carrying fibers that connect to the brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body |
| Nervous system | the extensive, intricate network of structures that activates, coordinates, and controls all the functions of the body |
| Nervous tissue | carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body |
| Organ | The basic element of the human body |
| Pelvic Cavity | the bottom portion of the abdominal cavity |
| Posterior or Dorsal | is on the back side of the body and is divided into two cavities, the cranial and spinal cavities |
| Prone | having a tendency or inclination |
| Proximal | nearer to a point of reference or attachment usually the trunk of the body |
| Reproductive system | the male and female gonads, associated ducts and glands, and external genitalia the function in the procreation of offspring |
| Respiratory System | the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between ambient air and blood circulating through the lungs |
| Right Lower Quadrant | is the abdominal area that contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in females |
| Right Upper Quadrant | Area of the abdominal that contains parts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal tract |
| Sagittal or Lateral Plane | To the side, horizontal |
| Sensory System | Covers the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems that are involved in the reaction of the five senses |
| Spinal Cavity | holds the spinal cord |
| superficial | pertaining to the surface |
| superior | situated above or oriented toward a higher place |
| supine | position of the arms or body in which the palms of the hand face upward |
| system | a collection or assemblage of parts that make a whole |
| thoracic cavity | the cavity enclosed by the ribs |
| tissue | a collection of similar cells in a matrix acting together to perform a particular function |
| transverse plane | any one of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes |
| umbilical region | the part of the abdomen surrounding the umbilicus, the middle zone between the right and left lateral regions |
| Urinary system | all organs and ducts involved in the secretion and elimination of urine from the body |
| Ventral cavity | Front side of the body |
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