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MedTerm8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tendon | a cordlike, nonelastic, white fibrous band of connective tissue |
| fascia | a thin connective tissue that joins with the tendon. |
| bursa | a thin sac of synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid, acts as a cushion to reduce friction where a tendon rubs against the bone in a joint |
| neuromuscular junction | where each muscle fiber is connected to a single nerve cell |
| neurotransmitter | a nerve that produces a message to send through the body |
| orgin | beginning of a muscle is where its tendon is attached to a stationary or nearly stationary bone |
| insertion | ending of a muscle is where its tendon is attached to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts and relaxes. |
| acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter released at autonomic synapses and neuromuscular junctions and formed enzymatically in the tissues from choline |
| skeletal | provide the means by which the body can move |
| striated | have multiple nuclei |
| voluntary | contract and relax in response to conscious thought |
| cardiac | pumps blood through the circulatory system; invlountary muscle that is not under conscious control |
| smooth | involuntary, nonstriated muscles; form a continuous, thin layer around many organs and structures |
| flexion | bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or two body parts |
| extension | straightening and extending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or two body parts |
| abduction | moving a body part away from the midline of the body |
| rotation | moving a body part toward the midline of the body |
| supination | turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward |
| pronation | turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward |
| eversion | turning a body part outward and toward the side |
| inversion | turning a body part inward |
| frontalis | moves the eyebrows or wrinkles the forehead skin |
| temporalis | moves the mandible (lower jaw) upward and backward |
| orbicularis | pertaining to a small circle |
| masseter | moves the mandible (lower jaw) upward |
| buncination | moves the cheek |
| sternocleidomastoid | bends the head toward the sternum (flexion) and turns the head to either side (rotation) |
| deltoid | raises the arm and moves the arm away from the body (abduction) |
| pectoralis major | moves the arm anteriorly and medially across the chest (adduction) |
| intercostal | pertaining to between the ribs |
| trapezius | raises the shoulder, pulls the shoulder blades together, elevats the clavicle |
| latissimus dorsi | moves the arm posteriorly and medially toward the vertbral column (adduction) |
| biceps brachii | bend the upper arm toward the shoulder (flexion) and bends the lower arm toward the upper arm (flexion) |
| triceps brachii | straightens the lower arm (extension) |
| brachioraialis | bends the lower arm toward the upper arm (flexion) |
| external and internal | pertaining to the outside and inside |
| oblique | having a slanting direction or position; neither perpendicular nor parallel |
| rectus abdominis | bends the upper body forward (flexion) and compresses the anterior abdominal wall |
| rectus femoris | bends the upper leg toward the abdomen (flexion); straightens the lower leg (extenstion) |
| sartorius | bends the upper leg toward the abdomen (flexion) and rotates it laterally |
| vastus lateralis | bends the upper leg toward the abdomen (flexion) |
| vastus medialis | staightens the lower leg (extension) |
| peroneal longus | raises the lateral edge of the foot (eversion) and bends the foot downward (plantar flexion) |
| tibialis anterior | bends the foot up toward the leg (dorsiflexion) |
| gluteus maximus | moves the upper leg posteriorly (extension) and rotates it laterally |
| gastrocenemius | bends the foot downward (plantar flexion) and lets you stand on tiptoe |
| biceps femoris | moves the upper leg posteriorly (extension) and bends the lower leg toward the buttocks (flexion) |
| hamstrings | moves the upper leg posteriorly (extension) and bends the lower leg toward the buttocks (flexion) |
| atrophy | partial or complete wasting away of a muscle |
| avulsion | the action to tear away from |
| contracture | system to pull together |
| fibromyalgia | the condition of pain in the muscle fiber |
| hyperextension | the action of straightening above |
| hyperflexion | the action of bending above |
| contusion | the action of bruising |
| muscluar dystrophy | painful process of development in the muscle |
| myasthenia gravis | condition of lack of strength in the muscles |
| myopathy | muscle disease |
| polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
| dermatomyositis | inflammation of the muscle skin |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | rod shaped tumor in the muscle and connective tissue |
| toricollis | a condition in which the neck is twisted and the head inclined to one side, caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck. |
| rotator cuff tear | tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus |
| ataxia | incoordination of the muscles during movement, particularly incoordination of the gait |
| bradykinesia | abnormally slow muscle movements or a decrease in the numer of spontaneous musle movements |
| dyskinesia | abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles |
| myoclonus | muscle spasms or jerks |
| restless legs syndrome | an uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs, particularly the calf muscles, along with an indescribable tinglng, aching, or crawling-insect sensation |
| hyperkinesis | an abnormally increased amount of muscle movements |
| tremor | small, involunatry, sometimes jerky, back and forth movements of the hands, head, jaw, or extremities |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa |
| tendonitis | inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation and pain due to overuse of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid |
| ganglion | semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that develops on a tendon, often in the wrist, hand, or foot |
| lateral epicondylitis | also known as tennis elbow; inflammation and pain of the extensor and supinator muscles where their tendons orginate on the laterl epicondyle of the humerus |
| acetylcholine receptor antibody test | test that detects antibodies that the body produces against its acetylcholine receptors |
| electromyograph | procedure to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage |
| creatine phosphokinase | test that measures the level of serum CPK-MN, an isoenzyme found in the muscles |
| fasciectomy | procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia that is causing dupuytren's contracture |
| fasciotomy | procedure to cut the fascia and release the pressure from built-up blood and tissue fluid in a patient with compartment syndrome |
| ganglionectomy | procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon |
| myorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a torn muscle after an injury |
| tenorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a torn tendon after an injury |
| thymectomy | procedure to remove the thymus gland |
| trigger point injection | procedure to treat fibroyalgia |
| analgesic | over-the-counterdrugs aspirin and acetaminophen decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain |
| beta-blocker | block the action of epinephrine to suppress essential familial tremor |
| dopamine stimulant | stimulate dopamine receptors to treat restless legs syndrome |
| muscle relaxant | relieve muscle spasm and stiffness |
| ADA | Americans with Disabilities Act |
| ADLs | activities of daily living |
| D.C. | Doctor of Chiropracty |
| DTRs | deep tendon reflexes |
| EMG | electromyography |
| IM | intramuscular |
| LLE | left lower extremity |
| LUE | left upper extremity |
| MD | muscular dystrophy |
| OOB | out of bed |
| orth | orthopedics |
| OSHA | Occupation Safety and Health Administration |
| OT | occupational therapy |
| PT | physical therapy |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression, and elevation |
| RLE | right lower extremity |
| ROM | range of motion |
| RUE | right upper extremity |
| RSI | repetitive strain injury |
Created by:
Beckster_Bug
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